Figure 3.

Antibody-mediated blockade of ganglioside GD3 diminishes exosome-mediated immunosuppression. NDPBL were either left unactivated (Unact) or activated with immobilized antibodies to CD3 and CD28 in media without (Act) or with exosomes (Exo) derived from ovarian tumor ascites fluid in the presence or absence of 10 mg of anti-GD3 antibody. Activation was monitored by determining nuclear translocation of NFkB in CD3+ cells after 2 hours by confocal microscopy (A) or intracellular IFN-g or IL-2 expression in CD3+ cells after 6 hours by flow cytometry (B-E). Representative experiment shown for IFN-g (B) and IL-2 (D). Mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments shown for IFN-g (C) and IL-2 (E). Percentage inhibition is shown in parentheses. * p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.