Table 1.
Abbreviations for agents, symbols, and acronyms.
| Agents and Expected Effects | |
|---|---|
| agent | name / molecular interaction / expected effect |
| AP5 | (2R)-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid / glutamate receptors (NMDA receptors) antagonist / reduce postsynaptic excitation activity and spontaneous neuronal firing rate |
| DNQX | 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / glutamate receptors (kainate and AMPA receptors) antagonist / reduce postsynaptic excitation activity and spontaneous neuronal firing rate |
| [Ko+] | extracellular K+ concentration / NKA substrate, PC product / alter NKA and PC kinetics and neuronal spontaneous activity: at low [Ko+] values, < ~ 10 mM, spontaneous neuronal firing rate increase with increasing [Ko+]; at high [Ko+] values, induce prolonged depolarization and decrease spontaneous neuronal firing rate |
| kainate | neurotransmitter amino acid agonist / enhance glutamate receptor function and increase postsynaptic excitation activity [kainateo] = 1 μM / increase spontaneous neuronal firing rate but decrease neuronal firing synchronization [kainateo] = 100 μM / induce prolonged depolarization with spontaneous neuronal firing suppression |
| PH | Gadoteridol (ProHance) / extracellular T1 contrast agent (CA) / reduce extracellular water magnetization T1 |
| PTX | picrotoxin (picrotoxinin/picrotin mixture) / GABAA receptor antagonists / reduce postsynaptic inhibition activity, decrease spontaneous neuronal firing rate but increase its synchronization |
| TTX | tetrodotoxin / voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) inhibitor / reduce Na+ influx, and then reduce the neuronal action potential generation and spontaneous neuronal firing rate |
| Symbols and Acronyms | |
| 2SX | two-site-exchange |
| AWC | active water cycling |
| [H2Oi] | intracellular water concentration |
| A | mean cell surface area |
| ACSF | artificial cerebrospinal fluid |
| AMPAR | AMPA receptor |
| CA | contrast agent |
| cMRNKA | cellular metabolic rate of NKA |
| EAAT | excitatory amino acid transporter |
| F | fluorescence signal intensity of the entire tissue |
| GABAA | ionotropic GABA receptor |
| GABAB | metabotropic GABA receptor |
| GAT | GABA transporter |
| Glu | glutamate |
| kainateR | kainate receptor |
| kio | steady-state cellular water efflux rate constant |
| kio(a) | active kio contribution |
| kio(p) | passive kio contribution |
| KM | Michaelis constant in Michaelis–Menten Model |
| koi | steady-state cellular water influx rate constant |
| koi(a) | active koi contribution |
| koi(p) | passive koi contribution |
| M-M | Michaelis–Menten |
| mGlu | metabotropic glutamate receptor |
| MRgly | metabolic rate of oxidative glycolysis |
| MRO2 | O2 uptake rate |
| MRoxphos | metabolic rate of oxidative phosphorylation |
| n | number of measurements |
| NKA | Na+-K+-ATPase |
| NMDAR | NMDA receptor |
| OCC | organotypic cortical culture |
| PC | potassium channel |
| pi | intracellular water mole fraction |
| PW(p) | passive membrane water permeability coefficient |
| R1 | longitudinal relaxation rate constant |
| SR | saturation recovery |
| V | the average cell volume |
| VGCC | voltage-gated calcium channels |
| VGPC | voltage-gated potassium channel |
| VGSC | voltage-gated sodium channel |
| x | water stoichiometric coefficient of NKA activity |