Table 5.

Associations between sexual orientation, parental knowledge group trajectories, and substance use at age 18

	Simple Models				Adjusted Models
Variable	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4

Cigarette Use	β (SE)		β (SE)		β (SE)		β (SE)
Sexual Orientation^a	0.75^***	(0.13)	0.68^***	(0.13)	0.79^***	(0.13)	0.73^***	(0.13)
Knowledge Trajectories
Increasing			Ref				Ref
Quickly Decreasing			0.41^**	(0.13)			0.39^**	(0.13)
Slowly Decreasing			0.72^***	(0.12)			0.78^***	(0.13)
African American^b					−0.72^***	(0.11)	−0.78^***	(0.12)
Single Parent^c					0.09	(0.11)	0.05	(0.12)
SES^d					0.45^***	(0.12)	0.42^**	(0.12)
High Neighborhood Problems^e					0.03	(0.10)	−0.01	(0.10)
Sobel Test Z-Score			3.88^***	(0.05)			3.82^***	(0.05)

Marijuana Use	β (SE)		β (SE)		β (SE)		β (SE)

Sexual Orientation	0.73^***	(0.12)	0.65^***	(0.12)	0.72^***	(0.12)	0.65^***	(0.12)
Knowledge Trajectories
Increasing			Ref			Ref
Quickly Decreasing			0.74^***	(0.12)			0.73^***	(0.12)
Slowly Decreasing			0.85^***	(0.13)			0.83^***	(0.12)
African American^b					−0.01	(0.11)	−0.01	(0.11)
Single Parent^c					0.08	(0.10)	0.04	(0.11)
SES^d					0.17	(0.11)	0.13	(0.11)
High Neighborhood Problems^e					0.08	(0.10)	−0.01	(0.10)
Sobel Test Z-Score			4.07^***	(0.06)			3.89^***	(0.05)

Binge Drinking	β (SE)		β (SE)		β (SE)		β (SE)

Sexual Orientation	0.39^*	(0.18)	0.36	(0.18)	0.43^*	(0.19)	0.40^*	(0.19)
Knowledge Trajectories
Increasing			Ref				Ref
Quickly Decreasing			0.34^*	(0.14)			0.36^*	(0.15)
Slowly Decreasing			0.26	(0.15)			0.37^*	(0.15)
African American^b					−0.69^***	(0.13	−0.69^***	(0.13)
Single Parent^c					0.33^*	(0.14)	0.31^*	(0.14)
SES^d					−0.12	(0.15)	−0.14	(0.15)
High Neighborhood Problems^e					−0.18	(0.14)	−0.22	(0.14)
Sobel Test Z-Score			1.90	(0.04)			2.32^*	(0.04)

Note. Model 1 tests the association between substance use at age 18 and sexual orientation; Model 2 tests the association between sexual orientation and substance use at age 18 mediated by trajectories of parental knowledge; Model 3 tests the association between substance use at age 18 and sexual orientation adjusted for race, SES, single parent household, and neighborhood problems. Model 4 tests the association between sexual orientation and substance use at age 18 mediated by trajectories of parental knowledge and adjusted for race, SES, single parent household, and neighborhood problems; SE = standard error; SES = socioeconomic status

Heterosexual girls were used as reference

White girls were used as reference

Cohabitating parents were used as reference

Higher SES was used as reference

Low Neighborhood Problems was used a reference

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001