Table 1:
Neurobehavioral tests, domains, and variables
| Test Descriptions | Domains | Variables |
|---|---|---|
| Attention | ||
| Symbol Digit (45) •Match 9 numbers to 9 symbols from key; 6 sets of digit symbol pairs presented (1 practice set; 5 trials); |
Sustained attention, visuo-motor coordination | Average response latency per trial (sec.) |
| Matching to Sample Visual Search (46) • Match the sample pattern within a series of 2, 4, or 8 patterns |
Attention | Average latency of response for correct match (ms) Total correct |
| Rapid Visual Information Processing (46) • Digits 2–9 appear one at a time at 100 digits/minute; detect target odd or even sequences |
Sustained attention | Probability of hit (correct response) Probability of false alarm (incorrect response) Sensitivity to target (accuracy) |
| Simple & 5-choice Reaction Time (RT) (46) • Touch a dot on screen as soon as it appears in center (simple RT) or one of five lcoations (5-choice RT) |
Attention, vigilance, psychomotor speed | Response latency |
| Intra-Extra dimensional set shifting (computerized Wisconsin card sort) (46) • Paired abstract patterns in 2 to 4 boxes; subject determines the rule and selects the box that follows the correct rule; stimuli and rules are manipulated; 9 stages are presented |
Attention, flexibility of attention | Total errors adjusted* Total trials adjusted* Stages completed *adjusted for stages not attempted |
| Working Memory & Planning | ||
| Spatial Working Memory (46–48) • Search a series of boxes for a blue token; never appears in same box twice; 2–8 boxes with tokens; |
Visual Working Memory | Between errors: revisit box where token found Within errors: revisit box found empty Double errors: within and between error Strategy: number times search starts with same box (higher score = worse strategy) |
| Spatial Span (46–49) • A series of white boxes light up one at a time. After a tone, subject repeats the pattern presented |
Visual Working Memory | Span length: longest sequence recalled Total Errors: number of incorrect boxes selected |
| Stockings of Cambridge (computerized Tower of London) (46–48) • Reconstruct a pattern of balls using the least amount of moves possible |
Planning and executive function | Number of problems solved in minimum moves |
| Visual Memory | ||
| Simultaneous & Delayed Matching to Sample (50) • Match the sample pattern among 4 choices presented after 0 – 12 sec. delay |
Visual memory | Total correct across all delays, Mean correct latency across all delays (ms) |
| Paired Associations Learning (50) • 6 boxes contain different patterns displayed for 3 sec. each; subject matches target pattern to correct original location on screen; reminders for incorrect responses; 2–8 patterns; |
Visuospatial memory, episodic memory, and learning | Total errors adjusted* Mean errors to success: total errors/successful stages completed Patterns correct located after 1st trial across all stages completed Stages completed: overall success * adjusted for stages not attempted |
| Pattern & Spatial Recognition Memory (50) • 12 visual patterns presented one at a time; Subject selects correct pattern in paired comparisons with a novel pattern; • 5 spatial locations presented one at a time; correct spatial location when familiar and novel locations are paired |
Visual Memory | Number of correct patterns; Average correct response latency (ms) Number correct spatial locations Average correct response latency (ms) |
| Verbal Memory | ||
| Paired Associate Learning (45) • Three letter names (e.g. Ken) paired with occupations (16 pairs); subject matches names with occupations; 3 trials of pairs given |
Verbal memory | Number of correct responses after 30 minute delay |
| Motor | ||
| Finger Tapping Test (45) • Right and left hand taps for 20 seconds; 2 trials/hand |
Response speed and coordination | Average number of taps each hand |