Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants (N = 214).
| Variable | Mean (SD) or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Maternal age [mean (SD)] | 29.3 (5.0) |
| Race [n (%)] | |
| White | 141 (65.9) |
| Black/African American | 60 (28.0) |
| Asian American or Multiracial | 13 (6.1) |
| Ethnicity [n (%)] | |
| Non-Hispanic | 207 (96.7) |
| Hispanic | 7 (3.3) |
| Education [n (%)] | |
| Less than high school | 17 (7.9) |
| High school | 25 (11.7) |
| Some college or 2-year degree | 60 (28.0) |
| College degree | 44 (20.6) |
| Graduate school | 68 (31.8) |
| Income [n (%)] | |
| <$15,000 | 48 (22.4) |
| $15,000-$29,999 | 33 (15.4) |
| $30,000-$49,999 | 26 (12.1) |
| $50,000-$74,999 | 27 (12.6) |
| $75,000-$99,999 | 35 (16.4) |
| >$100,000 | 45 (21.0) |
| Perceived social class [n (%)] | |
| Loer | 29 (13.6) |
| orking | 51 (23.8) |
| Loer top | 85 (39.7) |
| Upper top or higher | 49 (22.9) |
| Days gestation [mean (SD)] | 123.9 (49.0) |
| Pregnancy complications [n (%)] | 42 (19.6) |
| Current smoker [n (%)] | 28 (13.1) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI [n (%)] | |
| Undereight | 1 (0.5) |
| Normal eight | 103 (48.1) |
| Overeight | 48 (22.4) |
| Obese | 62 (29.0) |