Table 1.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of MESA participants stratified by quartiles of plasma oleic acid measured at baseline.
| Factor | Quartile of plasma oleic acid, median [range] (% of total) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 6.4 [0.7 – 6.9] | 7.3 [6.9 – 7.6] | 8.0 [7.6 –8.5] | 9.1 [8.5 – 17.3] | ||
| N | 1644 | 1641 | 1642 | 1641 | |
| Age, years (SD) | 60.5 (9.9) | 61.9 (10.0) | 62.7 (10.4) | 63.2 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (% female) | 885 (53.8) | 867 (52.8) | 874 (53.2) | 846 (51.6) | NS |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| Black | 710 (43.2) | 491 (29.9) | 356 (21.7) | 244 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Chinese | 314 (19.1) | 212 (12.9) | 147 (9.0) | 120 (7.3) | |
| Caucasian | 355 (21.6) | 581 (35.4) | 751 (45.7) | 843 (51.4) | |
| Hispanic | 265 (16.1) | 357 (21.8) | 388 (23.6) | 434 (26.4) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 906 (55.3) | 849 (51.9) | 810 (49.5) | 729 (44.5) | |
| Former | 563 (34.4) | 600 (36.7) | 606 (37.0) | 626 (38.2) | |
| Current | 168 (10.3) | 186 (11.4) | 222 (13.6) | 282 (17.2) | |
| Alcohol use | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 380 (23.3) | 385 (23.6) | 301 (18.5) | 277 (17.0) | |
| Former | 440 (27.0) | 380 (23.3) | 379 (23.3) | 358 (21.9) | |
| Current | 811 (49.7) | 863 (53.0) | 947 (58.2) | 998 (61.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.7 (5.4) | 28.8 (5.6) | 28.5 (5.6) | 27.3 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 125.8 (20.6) | 126.6 (21.6) | 126.8 (21.6) | 126.9 (22.3) | NS |
| Blood pressure medication, n (%) | 655 (39.9) | 634 (38.6) | 598 (36.4) | 547 (33.4) | <0.001 |
| Lipid lowering medication, n (%) | 267 (16.3) | 233 (14.2) | 278 (16.9) | 275 (16.8) | NS |
| Hormone replacement therapy, n (%)* | 356 (45.8) | 401 (50.7) | 417 (52.3) | 406 (52.0) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 205 (12.5) | 234 (14.3) | 189 (11.5) | 189 (11.5) | 0.03 |
| Plasma EPA+DHA, (% total), mean (SD) | 5.6 (2.4) | 4.9 (2.0) | 4.4 (1.8) | 4.1 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Lipid levels (mg/dL) | |||||
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD) | 191.9 (34.6) | 195.5 (34.6) | 195.3 (36.6) | 193.9 (36.6) | 0.01 |
| HDL-C, mean (SD) | 49.8 (13.8) | 50.4 (14.8) | 51.2 (15.0) | 52.7 (15.6) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR) | 99 (71, 141) | 108 (77, 156) | 1 17 (80, 168) | 1 23 (84, 176) | <0.001 |
| Intermediate CV endpoints, n (%)† | |||||
| Carotid plaque | 588 (36.3) | 667 (41.2) | 686 (42.5) | 736 (45.4) | <0.001 |
| Aortic valve calcification | 186 (11.3) | 182 (11.1) | 248 (15.1) | 260 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery calcium | 739 (45.0) | 785 (47.8) | 872 (53.1) | 878 (53.3) | <0.001 |
| Event outcomes, n (%) | |||||
| All-cause mortality | 204 (12.4) | 242 (14.7) | 304 (18.5) | 357 (21.8) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 165 (10.0) | 207 (12.6) | 238 (14.5) | 240 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Heart Failure | 47 (2.9) | 69 (4.2) | 78 (4.8) | 99 (6.0) | <0.001 |
Definitions: BMI=body mass index; SBP=systolic blood pressure; diabetes=treated and untreated cases; HDL-C=high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CV=cardiovascular; EPA=eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA=docosahexaenoic acid
*
Ever taken hormone replacement: males were excluded
†
absent or present at baseline