Table 2.

Plasma oleic acid-related risk of intermediate cardiovascular endpoints in MESA participants. Regression analysis estimated relative risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) of prevalent carotid plaque, coronary artery calcium, and aortic valve calcification at baseline using a multi-model approach.

Outcome	Oleic acid quartileG				per SD
	1	2	3	4
Carotid plaque
Model 1	ref	1.14 (1.04 – 1.24)  0.004	1.17 (1.07 – 1.28)  <0.001	1.25 (1.15 – 1.36)  <0.001	1.07 (1.04 – 1.10)  <0.001
Model 2	ref	1.07 (0.99 – 1.16)	1.08 (1.00 – 1.17)	1.12 (1.04 – 1.21)  0.004	1.03 (1.00 – 1.06)  0.03
Model 3	ref	1.04 (0.96 – 1.12)	1.03 (0.95 – 1.11)	1.04 (0.96 – 1.13)	1.01 (0.98 – 1.04)
Coronary artery calcium
Model 1	ref	1.06 (0.99 – 1.15)	1.18 (1.10 – 1.27)  <0.001	1.19 (1.11 – 1.28)  <0.001	1.07 (1.05 – 1.10)  <0.001
Model 2	ref	1.01 (0.95– 1.08)	1.07 (1.01 – 1.13)  0.03	1.06 (1.00 – 1.12)	1.03 (1.01 – 1.05)  0.002
Model 3	ref	0.98 (0.93 – 1.04)	1.02 (0.96 – 1.08)	1.02 (0.96 – 1.08)	1.02 (1.00 – 1.04)  0.03
Aortic valve calcification
Model 1	ref	0.98 (0.81 – 1.19)	1.33 (1.12 – 1.59)  0.001	1.40 (1.17 – 1.67)  <0.001	1.15 (1.09 – 1.21)  <0.001
Model 2	ref	0.89 (0.74 – 1.08)	1.03 (0.86 – 1.24)	1.11 (0.93 – 1.32)	1.07 (1.00 – 1.14)  0.04
Model 3	ref	0.83 (0.68 – 1.01)	0.99 (0.82 – 1.18)	1.01 (0.83 – 1.23)	1.07 (0.98 – 1.16)

Model 1: unadjusted

Model 2: adjusted for age and sex

Model 3: adjusted for age, education, body mass index, smoking (pack-years), hormone replacement therapy, systolic blood pressure, blood pressure medication, lipid lowering medication, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, (log) triglycerides, alcohol use, diabetes status, plasma EPA+DHA levels, and race/ethnicity

Carotid plaque: model 1 (N=6,479); model 2 (N=6,479); model 3 (N=6,035)

Coronary artery calcium: model 1 (N=6,568); model 2 (N=6,568); model 3 (N=6,116)

Aortic valve calcification: model 1 (N=6,571); model 2 (N=6,567); model 3 (N=6,115)