Table 3.

Unadjusted association of sociodemographic and clinical parameters with healthy liver, steatosis, and liver fibrosis, Cameron County Hispanic Cohort

	Steatosis vs Healthya		Fibrosis vs Healthy		Fibrosis vs Steatosis
Variable	OR (95% CI)b	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)	1.0 (0.8 - 1.3)	0.7975	0.8 (0.6 - 1.0)	0.0671	0.8 (0.6 - 1.0)	0.0475
Male Sex	0.9 (0.5 - 1.7)	0.7313	1.7 (0.8 - 3.7)	0.1473	1.9 (0.8 - 4.6)	0.1259
Diabetesc	1.9 (1 - 3.8)	0.0654	1.3 (0.5 - 3.2)	0.6361	0.7 (0.3 - 1.6)	0.3371
Fasting Glucose (per 10 mg/dL)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.0156	1.1 (0.9 - 1.2)	0.4311	1.0 (0.8 - 1.1)	0.4818
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	1.2 (0.9 - 1.5)	0.3242	1.1 (0.9 - 1.5)	0.4220	1.0 (0.8 - 1.2)	0.7178
Insulin (10 mg/dL)	2.8 (1.6 - 4.7)	0.0002*	1.4 (0.7 - 2.6)	0.3294	0.5 (0.2 - 1.1)	0.0832
HOMA-IR	1.4 (1.2 - 1.7)	<0.0001*	1.1 (0.9 - 1.4)	0.3072	0.8 (0.6 - 1.1)	0.1047
Diastolic BP (mmHg)d	1.4 (1.0 - 2.0)	0.0375	1.1 (0.6 - 2.0)	0.7770	0.8 (0.4 - 1.5)	0.4540
Hypertensione	1.1 (0.5 - 2.4)	0.7585	1.0 (0.4 - 2.6)	0.9979	0.9 (0.3 - 2.5)	0.8260
Triglycerides (per 50 mg/dL)	1.4 (1.1 - 1.8)	0.0033*	1.1 (0.6 - 1.9)	0.7381	0.8 (0.4 - 1.4)	0.3992
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.6 (0.4 - 0.8)	0.0003*	0.9 (0.6 - 1.3)	0.5098	1.5 (1.0 - 2.3)	0.0421
AST (per 10 units/L)	1.4 (1.1 - 1.9)	0.0176	1.5 (1.1 - 2.0)	0.0080	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	0.2640
ALT (per 10 units/L)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.8)	0.0005*	1.4 (1.2 - 1.8)	0.0014*	1.0 (0.9 - 1.1)	0.5715
AST/ALT Ratio	0.5 (0.1 - 3.5)	0.4546	1.9 (0.7 - 5.6)	0.2227	4.2 (0.5 - 38.4)	0.2016
Obesef	3.0 (1.7 - 5.5)	0.0001*	1.5 (0.7 - 3.4)	0.2828	0.5 (0.2 - 1.2)	0.1039
Waist Circumference (per 10 cm)	1.0 (1.0 - 1.0)	0.0002*	1.0 (1.0 - 1.0)	0.7556	0.7 (0.5 - 1.0)	0.0408
Platelets (per 50×103/μL)	1.1 (0.8 - 1.4)	0.5600	0.8 (0.6 - 1.1)	0.1680	0.7 (0.4 - 1.0)	0.0649
Anti-HCV	8.4 (0.9 - 79.4)	0.0646	18.9 (1.8 - 196.4)	0.0138	2.3 (0.4 - 11.7)	0.3285
Drinks per week	1.0 (0.9 - 1.1)	0.7294	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.0358	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	0.0505
Heavy Drinkingg	0.7 (0.1 - 7.6)	0.7913	5.5 (0.6 - 52.3)	0.1368	7.6 (1.0 - 56.8)	0.0493

Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; CI, confidence interval; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance ; BP, blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;

Note. Statistical tests significant at the 5% level after correction for false discovery rate are indicated with an asterisk.

^aHealthy indicates no evidence of steatosis and liver stiffness ≤ 1.34; steatosis indicates evidence of steatosis and liver stiffness ≤ 1.34 m/s; fibrosis indicates liver stiffness > 1.34 m/s

^bOR, 95% CI and P-value obtained from survey-based multinomial logistic regression

^cAccording to American Diabetes 2010 Diagnostic Guidelines

^dBlood pressure analyses are adjusted for self-reported use of antihypertensive medication

^eSystolic Blood Pressure > 135 or Diastolic Blood Pressure > 85 or taking antihypertensive medication

^fBMI ≥ 30

^gFor men, greater than 21 self-reported drinks per week; for women, greater than 14 drinks per week.