Table 2.
Cardiopulmonary exercise parameters
| Supine testing | Upright testing | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rest | |||
| HR, bpm | 71 ± 9 | 68 ± 8 | 0.220 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 134 ± 20 | 141 ± 17 | 0.130 |
| Diasolic BP, mmHg | 69 ± 9 | 67 ± 14 | 0.485 |
| Mean BP, mmHg | 93 ± 14 | 94 ± 14 | 0.569 |
| Systolic PAP, mmHg | 50 ± 12 | 31 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic PAP, mmHg | 15 ± 8 | 6 ± 5 | 0.003 |
| Mean PAP, mmHg | 29 ± 6 | 16 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| PAWP, mmHg | 15 ± 4 | 6 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| TPG (Mean PA‐PAWP), mmHg | 14 ± 5 | 11 ± 5 | 0.035 |
| Cardiac Output, L/min | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 0.020 |
| PVR, wood unit | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 0.964 |
| PaO2, Torr | 73.1 ± 7.3 | 85.0 ± 16.0 | 0.021 |
| PaCO2, Torr | 39.1 ± 5.2 | 38.8 ± 9.0 | 0.733 |
| SaO2, % | 94.5 ± 2.6 | 96.7 ± 1.6 | 0.002 |
| SvO2, % | 70.7 ± 5.4 | 71.0 ± 5.5 | 0.712 |
| VO2, mL/min | 239 ± 70 | 208 ± 55 | 0.040 |
| VCO2, mL/min | 234 ± 137 | 177 ± 50 | 0.049 |
| R | 0.85 ± 0.10 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.865 |
| VE, L/min | 11.5 ± 8.3 | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 0.051 |
| VE/VO2 | 44.0 ± 12.4 | 42.7 ± 8.9 | 0.927 |
| VE/VCO2 | 52.4 ± 14.0 | 50.0 ± 8.4 | 0.579 |
| Submaximal Exercise (AT) | |||
| Work Rate, Watt | 45 ± 15 | 44 ± 16 | 0.964 |
| HR, bpm | 107 ± 15 | 110 ± 11 | 0.434 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 155 ± 26 | 183 ± 23 | 0.002 |
| Diasolic BP, mmHg | 87 ± 21 | 85 ± 15 | 0.842 |
| Mean BP, mmHg | 114 ± 22 | 117 ± 19 | 0.266 |
| Systolic PAP, mmHg | 70 ± 14 | 61 ± 14 | 0.008 |
| Diastolic PAP, mmHg | 21 ± 6 | 11 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| Mean PAP, mmHg | 42 ± 7 | 34 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| PAWP, mmHg | 18 ± 5 | 11 ± 6 | 0.008 |
| TPG (Mean PA‐PAWP), mmHg | 24 ± 7 | 22 ± 9 | 0.305 |
| Cardiac Output, L/min | 10.9 ± 3.2 | 10.7 ± 2.5 | 0.782 |
| PVR, wood unit | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 0.252 |
| PaO2, Torr | 73.1 ± 7.3 | 85.0 ± 16.0 | 0.002 |
| PaCO2, Torr | 42.2 ± 8.0 | 39.8 ± 3.5 | 0.520 |
| SaO2, % | 91.0 ± 4.7 | 92.6 ± 2.6 | 0.059 |
| SvO2, % | 49.3 ± 7.1 | 49.6 ± 5.8 | 0.940 |
| VO2, mL/min | 733 ± 236 | 754 ± 187 | 0.517 |
| VCO2, mL/min | 234 ± 137 | 177 ± 50 | 0.266 |
| R | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 0.687 |
| VE, L/min | 29.4 ± 8.6 | 26.1 ± 7.1 | 0.207 |
| VE/VO2 | 41.0 ± 10.2 | 35.8 ± 7.0 | 0.009 |
| VE/VCO2 | 43.2 ± 8.2 | 38.8 ± 7.1 | 0.001 |
| Peak exercise | |||
| Work Rate, Watt | 79 ± 29 | 84 ± 27 | 0.055 |
| HR, bpm | 128 ± 18 | 139 ± 16 | 0.010 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 170 ± 26 | 196 ± 29 | 0.004 |
| Diasolic BP, mmHg | 88 ± 20 | 90 ± 25 | 0.740 |
| Mean BP, mmHg | 116 ± 20 | 130 ± 21 | 0.008 |
| Systolic PAP, mmHg | 75 ± 15 | 72 ± 21 | 0.393 |
| Diastolic PAP, mmHg | 21 ± 7 | 12 ± 9 | 0.004 |
| Mean PAP, mmHg | 45 ± 7 | 40 ± 11 | 0.006 |
| PAWP, mmHg | 17 ± 4 | 11 ± 7 | 0.008 |
| TPG (Mean PA‐PAWP), mmHg | 28 ± 9 | 27 ± 10 | 0.801 |
| Cardiac Output, L/min | 12.5 ± 4.7 | 12.3 ± 3.4 | 0.890 |
| PVR, wood unit | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 0.243 |
| PaO2, Torr | 61.7 ± 10.0 | 67.1 ± 9.7 | 0.015 |
| PaCO2, Torr | 38.3 ± 5.6 | 37.8 ± 4.4 | 0.147 |
| SaO2, % | 89.2 ± 5.4 | 90.9 ± 3.5 | 0.102 |
| SvO2, % | 42.8 ± 7.0 | 42.0 ± 6.2 | 0.737 |
| VO2, mL/min | 953 ± 344 | 997 ± 316 | 0.548 |
| VCO2, mL/min | 1041 ± 402 | 1105 ± 389 | 0.378 |
| R | 1.09 ± 0.10 | 1.11 ± 0.10 | 0.256 |
| VE, L/min | 42.0 ± 13.2 | 42.1 ± 13.9 | 0.988 |
| VE/VO2 | 46.0 ± 8.2 | 43.2 ± 9.4 | 0.263 |
| VE/VCO2 | 42.8 ± 7.1 | 38.9 ± 7.3 | 0.004 |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg per min | 15.9 ± 4.0 | 16.6 ± 3.2 | 0.548 |
| VE versus VCO2 slope | 37.8 ± 9.2 | 35.9 ± 8.0 | 0.263 |
| mPA‐Q slope | 3.6 ± 2.2 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 0.378 |
Values are means Mean ± SD.
HR, Heat Rate; BP, Blood Pressure; PAP, Pulmonary Artery Pressure; PAWP, Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure; TPG, Transpulmonary Pressure Gradient; PVR, Pulmonary Vascular Resistance; VO2, Oxygen Consumption; VCO2, carbon dioxide output; R, respiratory exchange ratio; VE, minute ventilation.