Table 1.
Characteristics of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among newborn infants in Shenzhen, 2015 [n (%)].
| Characteristics | Non-MDR S. aureus | MDR S. aureus | χ2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1811) | (n = 23) | |||
| MOTHERS | ||||
| Vaginal carriage | 80 (4.4) | 6 (26.1) | 23.862 | < 0.001 |
| Age, year (>35) | 137 (7.6) | 2 (8.7) | NA | 0.692a |
| Education (below high school) | 1280 (70.7) | 20 (87.0) | 2.916 | 0.088 |
| Average monthly income, yuan (< 5000) | 1013 (55.9) | 17 (73.9) | 2.981 | 0.084 |
| Natural impregnation | 1786 (98.6) | 23 (100.0) | NA | 1.000a |
| First pregnancy | 602 (33.2) | 5 (21.7) | 1.357 | 0.244 |
| First parturition | 916 (50.6) | 9 (39.1) | 1.191 | 0.275 |
| History of abortion | 751 (41.5) | 10 (43.5) | 0.038 | 0.846 |
| Frequency of vaginal examination after hospitalization ( ≤ 2) | 947 (52.3) | 13 (56.5) | 2.108 | 0.349 |
| Vaginitis | 157 (8.7) | 1 (4.4) | NA | 0.715a |
| Premature rupture of membranes | 8 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 1.000a |
| Days of hospitalization (>3) | 1380 (76.2) | 16 (69.6) | 0.550 | 0.458 |
| Weeks of pregnancy (< 37) | 75 (4.1) | 1 (4.4) | NA | 1.000a |
| Tobacco use during pregnancy | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 1.000a |
| Antibiotic use during pregnancy | 120 (6.6) | 1 (4.4) | NA | 1.000a |
| Mammal pet owner | 71 (3.9) | 2 (8.7) | NA | 0.232a |
| NEWBORN INFANTS | ||||
| Male gender | 977 (54.0) | 14 (60.9) | 0.438 | 0.508 |
| Birth weight, grams (< 2500) | 133 (7.3) | 3 (13.0) | NA | 0.240a |
| Admission to neonatology ward | 158 (8.7) | 1 (4.4) | NA | 0.715a |
| Apgar 1st min ≤ 3 | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NAb |
| Apgar 5th min ≤ 6 | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NAb |
MDR S. aureus, multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; n, number of isolates; NA, not applicable.
a
The P-values were calculated with the Fisher's exact test.
b
No estimate of the P-value is provided owing to the lack of occurrence of the outcome of interest in at least one group.