Table 5.

Prevalence of selected determinants of low birth weight, by maternal corrections history and Indigenous status.

	Indigenous infants					Non-Indigenous infants
	Prison (before preg.)	Prison (during preg.)	Prison (after birth)	Comm- unity	No Correct-ions	Prison (before preg.)	Prison (during preg.)	Prison (after birth)	Comm- unity	No Correct-ions
	n=2898	n=807	n=3658	n=5919	n=13068	n=669	n=249	n=2588	n=662	n=12639
Very low SESa
%	23.4	22.3	29.2	29.8	26.3	13.7	12.8	13.0	12.3	3.9
RR	0.89	0.85	1.11	1.13	ref.	3.56	3.31	3.37	3.20	ref.
p-value	.001	.015	<.001	<.001		<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
Birth spacing <18mth
%	17.9	10.5	14.0	12.8	9.5	12.2	8.2	9.9	10.4	5.5
RR	1.88	1.10	1.47	1.34	ref.	2.22	1.49	1.81	1.91	ref.
p-value	<.001	.361	<.001	<.001		<.001	.066	<.001	<.001
Nulliparous
%	21.5	34.8	38.8	32.5	39.1	33.2	39.2	53.5	43.3	48.1
RR	0.55	0.89	0.99	0.83	ref.	0.69	0.81	1.11	0.90	ref.
p-value	<.001	.021	.773	<.001		<.001	.011	<.001	.023
Previous abortion
%	26.9	22.2	17.4	20.7	18.7	36.3	33.5	24.6	28.2	17.6
RR	1.44	1.19	0.93	1.10	ref.	2.07	1.90	1.40	1.60	ref.
p-value	<.001	.014	.067	.002		<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
Hypertension, etc.b
%	3.1	4.2	3.8	4.4	6.0	4.4	4.9	4.7	4.8	5.2
RR	0.52	0.71	0.64	0.74	ref.	0.84	0.95	0.91	0.93	ref.
p-value	<.001	.046	<.001	<.001		.366	.843	.331	.694
Placental disorders
%	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.3	1.6	1.6	0.8	1.1
RR	1.14	1.25	1.17	1.15	ref.	0.29	1.52	1.51	0.73	ref.
p-value	.571	.565	.447	.448		.083	.403	.019	.481
PROMc
%	6.7	5.4	5.0	5.2	3.9	5.5	3.3	3.5	3.3	2.2
RR	1.73	1.40	1.30	1.35	ref.	2.45	1.47	1.58	1.47	ref.
p-value	<.001	.032	.002	<.001		<.001	.277	<.001	.084
Substance used
%	3.3	7.1	2.1	1.6	0.7	12.5	10.2	4.6	3.1	0.4
RR	4.61	9.84	2.89	2.19	ref.	32.02	26.18	11.89	7.99	ref.
p-value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001		<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
External injury
%	10.9	15.0	9.3	6.4	2.9	7.2	6.5	3.5	2.2	0.9
RR	3.83	5.26	3.24	2.24	ref.	7.75	7.05	3.81	2.36	ref.
p-value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001		<.001	<.001	<.001	.002
Mental health
%	6.9	8.7	3.5	3.1	1.6	13.1	11.0	5.1	5.1	1.2
RR	4.36	5.53	2.24	2.00	ref.	10.69	8.98	4.13	4.19	ref.
p-value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001		<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
Sibling in contact CPe
%	11.3	14.2	5.1	2.6	0.7	13.1	11.4	4.3	1.6	0.04
RR	15.22	19.22	6.92	3.54	ref.	322.71	281.44	106.31	38.36	ref.
p-value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001		<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001

^aVery low socioeconomic status defined as 0–5%, 22 Indigenous and 47 non-Indigenous infants missing socioeconomic status.

^bHypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia.

^cPremature rupture of membranes.

^dSubstance use, alcohol and poisoning related hospital admissions and mental health service contacts.

^eOlder sibling in contact with the child protection system during infant’s pregnancy.