Table 3. Comparison of all-cause and lung cancer mortality risk by smoking status between two models during the 15-year follow-up.
| Sex/smoking status | Number of participants (%) |
Person-years (%) |
All-cause | Lung cancer | |||||||||||
| Number of deaths (%) |
Crude mortality |
Relative riskc |
(95% CI) | Number of deaths (%) |
Crude mortality |
Relative riskc |
(95% CI) | ||||||||
| Men | |||||||||||||||
| Model 1a | Never smoker | 11,290 | (24.0) | 159,712 | (24.4) | 1,190 | (16.9) | 745 | Reference | — | 51 | (7.5) | 32 | Reference | — |
| Former smoker | 11,257 | (23.9) | 155,830 | (23.8) | 1,728 | (24.5) | 1,109 | 1.22 | (1.12–1.32) | 122 | (18.0) | 78 | 1.90 | (1.34–2.72) | |
| Current smoker | 24,497 | (52.1) | 338,145 | (51.7) | 4,121 | (58.5) | 1,219 | 1.79 | (1.66–1.92) | 504 | (74.4) | 149 | 4.70 | (3.43–6.44) | |
| Total | 47,044 | (100) | 653,687 | (100) | 7,039 | (100) | 1,077 | — | — | 677 | (100) | 104 | — | — | |
| Model 2b | Never smoker | — | — | 151,642 | (23.2) | 1,073 | (15.2) | 708 | Reference | — | 42 | (6.2) | 28 | Reference | — |
| Former smoker | — | — | 194,948 | (29.8) | 2,551 | (36.2) | 1,309 | 1.42 | (1.31–1.54) | 228 | (33.7) | 117 | 2.98 | (2.09–4.24) | |
| Current smoker | — | — | 307,097 | (47.0) | 3,415 | (48.5) | 1,112 | 1.74 | (1.61–1.89) | 407 | (60.1) | 133 | 4.69 | (3.32–6.62) | |
| Total | — | — | 653,687 | (100) | 7,039 | (100) | 1,077 | — | — | 677 | (100) | 104 | — | — | |
| Women | |||||||||||||||
| Model 1a | Never smoker | 47,649 | (92.2) | 690,072 | (92.3) | 3,214 | (87.7) | 466 | Reference | — | 155 | (80.3) | 22 | Reference | — |
| Former smoker | 882 | (1.7) | 12,563 | (1.7) | 92 | (2.5) | 732 | 1.43 | (1.13–1.81) | 3 | (1.6) | 24 | 0.77 | (0.19–3.13) | |
| Current smoker | 3,172 | (6.1) | 44,891 | (6.0) | 357 | (9.7) | 795 | 1.93 | (1.70–2.19) | 35 | (18.1) | 78 | 3.28 | (2.12–5.05) | |
| Total | 51,703 | (100) | 747,526 | (100) | 3,663 | (100) | 490 | — | — | 193 | (100) | 26 | — | — | |
| Model 2b | Never smoker | — | — | 683,568 | (91.4) | 3,176 | (86.7) | 465 | Reference | — | 152 | (78.8) | 22 | Reference | — |
| Former smoker | — | — | 21,504 | (2.9) | 173 | (4.7) | 804 | 1.46 | (1.23–1.73) | 10 | (5.2) | 47 | 1.83 | (0.92–3.64) | |
| Current smoker | — | — | 42,453 | (5.7) | 314 | (8.6) | 740 | 1.91 | (1.67–2.19) | 31 | (16.1) | 73 | 3.21 | (2.03–5.07) | |
| Total | — | — | 747,526 | (100) | 3,663 | (100) | 490 | — | — | 193 | (100) | 26 | — | — | |
CI, confidence interval.
aModel 1 used information on smoking status only from baseline.
bModel 2 used updated smoking status from all three surveys.
cAdjusted for age, area, alcohol consumption, body mass index, medication, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, leisure-time sports, coffee consumption, and green tea consumption.