Table 2. Relation of oral health, life-style factors, and other variables to Metabolic syndrome.
| Variable | Metabolic syndrome | Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|
| Negative (n = 1,816) |
Positive (n = 563) |
|||
| n (%) | ||||
| Age | ||||
| 75 years old | 1,129 (62.2) | 340 (60.4) | 1 | 1 |
| 80 years old | 687 (37.8) | 223 (39.6) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 0.99 (0.80–1.22) |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 730 (40.2) | 230 (40.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Women | 1,086 (59.8) | 333 (59.1) | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) |
| Smoking habit | ||||
| Never/past | 1,749 (96.3) | 537 (95.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Current | 67 (3.7) | 26 (4.6) | 1.26 (0.80–2.01) | 1.28 (0.77–2.14) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never | 1,215 (66.9) | 375 (66.6) | 1 | — |
| Sometimes | 282 (15.5) | 94 (16.7) | 1.08 (0.83–1.40) | |
| Everyday | 319 (17.6) | 94 (16.7) | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | |
| Exercise habit | ||||
| No | 827 (45.5) | 288 (51.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 989 (54.5) | 275 (48.8) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | 0.82 (0.67–1.01) |
| Weight gain since 20 years of age | ||||
| No | 1,559 (85.8) | 293 (52.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 257 (14.2) | 270 (48.0) | 5.59 (4.52–6.91) | 5.30 (4.26–6.59) |
| Eating speed | ||||
| Slow | 196 (10.8) | 41 (7.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Normal | 1,343 (77.8) | 383 (68.0) | 1.36 (0.96–1.95) | 1.34 (0.92–1.95) |
| Fast | 277 (15.3) | 139 (24.7) | 2.40 (1.62–3.56) | 2.06 (1.35–3.16) |
| Intake drug to reduce cholesterol | ||||
| No | 1,300 (71.6) | 332 (59.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 516 (28.4) | 231 (41.0) | 1.75 (1.44–2.13) | 1.62 (1.30–2.01) |
| Dental checkup frequency | ||||
| <1 time/year | 826 (45.5) | 269 (47.8) | 1 | — |
| ≥1 time/year | 990 (54.5) | 294 (52.2) | 0.91 (0.76–1.10) | |
| Secondary oral hygiene products | ||||
| None | 788 (43.4) | 273 (48.5) | 1 | 1 |
| Sometimes | 416 (22.9) | 156 (27.7) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 1.19 (0.92–1.54) |
| Everyday | 612 (33.7) | 134 (23.8) | 0.63 (0.50–0.80) | 0.71 (0.55–0.92) |
| Community periodontal index | ||||
| Code 0–2 | 677 (37.3) | 195 (34.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Code 3 | 700 (38.5) | 211 (37.5) | 1.05 (0.84–1.31) | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) |
| Code 4 | 309 (17.0) | 105 (18.7) | 1.18 (0.90–1.55) | 1.18 (0.88–1.60) |
| Code X | 130 (7.2) | 52 (9.2) | 1.39 (0.97–1.99) | 1.10 (0.69–1.77) |
| Number of teeth | ||||
| 20–28 teeth | 1,092 (78.3) | 302 (53.6) | 1 | 1 |
| 10–19 teeth | 423 (23.3) | 144 (25.6) | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) | 1.23 (0.96–1.58) |
| 0–9 teeth | 301 (16.6) | 117 (20.8) | 1.41 (1.10–1.80) | 1.54 (1.10–2.17) |
| Need of prosthetic treatment | ||||
| No | 1,553 (85.5) | 483 (85.8) | 1 | — |
| Yes | 263 (14.5) | 80 (14.2) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.