Table 3. Relation of oral health, life-style factors, and other variables to Metabolic syndrome in men.
| Variable | Metabolic syndrome | Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|
| Negative (n = 730) |
Positive (n = 230) |
|||
| n (%) | ||||
| Age | ||||
| 75 years old | 452 (61.9) | 143 (62.2) | 1 | 1 |
| 80 years old | 278 (38.1) | 87 (37.8) | 0.99 (0.73–1.34) | 1.08 (0.77–1.53) |
| Smoking habits | ||||
| Never/past | 671 (91.9) | 208 (90.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Current | 59 (8.1) | 22 (9.6) | 1.20 (0.72–2.01) | 1.28 (0.73–2.25) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never | 291 (39.9) | 97 (42.2) | 1 | — |
| Sometimes | 156 (21.4) | 49 (21.3) | 0.94 (0.64–1.40) | |
| Everyday | 283 (38.8) | 84 (36.5) | 0.89 (0.64–1.25) | |
| Exercise habit | ||||
| No | 283 (38.8) | 109 (47.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 447 (61.2) | 121 (52.6) | 0.70 (0.52–0.95) | 0.66 (0.48–0.92) |
| Weight gain since 20 years of age | ||||
| No | 605 (82.9) | 112 (48.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 125 (17.1) | 118 (51.3) | 5.10 (3.69–7.04) | 4.80 (3.43–6.71) |
| Eating speed | ||||
| Slow | 75 (10.3) | 20 (8.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Normal | 530 (72.6) | 144 (62.6) | 1.02 (0.60–1.73) | 0.99 (0.56–1.74) |
| Fast | 125 (17.1) | 66 (28.7) | 1.98 (1.11–3.52) | 1.95 (1.05–3.64) |
| Intake drug to reduce cholesterol | ||||
| No | 603 (82.6) | 164 (71.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 127 (17.4) | 66 (28.7) | 1.91 (1.36–2.70) | 1.83 (1.24–2.68) |
| Dental checkup frequency | ||||
| <1 time/year | 343 (47.0) | 113 (49.1) | 1 | — |
| ≥1 time/year | 387 (53.0) | 117 (50.9) | 0.92 (0.68–1.23) | |
| Secondary oral hygiene products | ||||
| None | 366 (50.1) | 126 (54.8) | 1 | 1 |
| Sometimes | 152 (20.8) | 61 (26.5) | 1.17 (0.81–1.67) | 1.24 (0.83–1.86) |
| Use everyday | 212 (29.0) | 43 (18.7) | 0.59 (0.40–0.87) | 0.59 (0.39–0.90) |
| Community periodontal index | ||||
| Code 0–2 | 263 (36.0) | 68 (29.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Code 3 | 262 (35.9) | 83 (36.1) | 1.23 (0.85–1.76) | 1.06 (0.71–1.57) |
| Code 4 | 153 (21.0) | 58 (25.2) | 1.47 (0.98–2.19) | 1.41 (0.91–2.20) |
| Code X | 52 (7.1) | 21 (9.1) | 1.56 (0.88–2.77) | 1.47 (0.64–3.35) |
| Number of teeth | ||||
| 20–28 teeth | 460 (63.0) | 120 (52.2) | 1 | 1 |
| 10–19 teeth | 161 (22.1) | 73 (31.7) | 1.74 (1.24–2.45) | 1.75 (1.20–2.55) |
| 0–9 teeth | 109 (14.9) | 37 (16.1) | 1.30 (0.85–1.99) | 1.11 (0.59–2.09) |
| Need of prosthetic treatment | ||||
| No | 623 (85.3) | 193 (83.9) | 1 | — |
| Yes | 107 (14.7) | 37 (16.1) | 1.12 (0.74–1.68) | |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.