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. 2018 Dec 4;9:2721. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02721

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Copyright © 2018 Rametse, Adefuye, Olivier, Curry, Gamieldien, Burgers, Lewis, Williamson, Katz and Passmore.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of seminal plasma on cytokine mRNA expression by HeLa cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of (C) IL-6, (A) IL-8, (B) IL-1β, (E) GM-CSF, (D) MIP3α, and (F) VEGF by HeLa cells treated with 1:50 dilution of seminal plasma from HIV-negative (white bars) or HIV-positive individuals (black bars) for 8 h (n = 4) and 24 h (n = 3). The mRNA levels were normalized by housekeeping gene Human cyclophilin A. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM of duplicate wells in each experiment. Wilcoxon matched pairs (non-parametric) and standard matched pairs t-tests (parametric) were used to compare the control and treatment groups. *p < 0.05.