Table 3.
Reliability and validity test.
| Variables | Item | Factor loading | Cronbach's α | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intellectual capital (IC) | IC1 | 0.830 | 0.727 | 0.857 | 0.501 |
| IC2 | 0.643 | ||||
| IC3 | 0.672 | ||||
| IC4 | 0.673 | ||||
| IC5 | 0.691 | ||||
| IC6 | 0.723 | ||||
| Organizational character (OC) | OC1 | 0.831 | 0.766 | 0.891 | 0.508 |
| OC2 | 0.702 | ||||
| OC3 | 0.639 | ||||
| OC4 | 0.669 | ||||
| OC5 | 0.819 | ||||
| OC6 | 0.636 | ||||
| OC7 | 0.675 | ||||
| OC8 | 0.704 | ||||
| Technological innovation (TI) | TI1 | 0.849 | 0.779 | 0.870 | 0.529 |
| TI2 | 0.683 | ||||
| TI3 | 0.810 | ||||
| TI4 | 0.712 | ||||
| TI5 | 0.640 | ||||
| TI6 | 0.644 | ||||
| Business model innovation (BM) | BM1 | 0.907 | 0.750 | 0.876 | 0.546 |
| BM2 | 0.645 | ||||
| BM3 | 0.697 | ||||
| BM4 | 0.779 | ||||
| BM5 | 0.645 | ||||
| BM6 | 0.747 | ||||
| Environmental uncertainty (EU) | EU1 | 0.621 | 0.720 | 0.749 | 0.607 |
| EU2 | 0.915 |