Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study subjects
| Characteristics | n | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 55 | 80.9 |
| Female | 13 | 19.1 | |
| Age | Under 40 years-old | 3 | 4.4 |
| 40-60 years-old | 35 | 51.5 | |
| Over 60 years old | 30 | 44.1 | |
| Smoking status | Active smoker | 68 | 100.0 |
| Non smoker | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Type of cigarettes | Clove cigarettes (kretek) | 44 | 64.7 |
| Filter cigarettes (white) | 24 | 35.3 | |
| Brinkman Index | Severe | 51 | 75.0 |
| Moderate | 14 | 20.6 | |
| Mild | 3 | 4.4 | |
| Cytology/histopathology | Adenocarcinoma | 55 | 80.9 |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 12 | 17.6 | |
| Large Cell Carcinoma | 1 | 1.5 | |
| pTNM | I | 8 | 11.8 |
| II | 10 | 14.7 | |
| III | 9 | 13.2 | |
| IV | 41 | 60.3 | |
| Procalcitonin levels | Increased (> 0.01 ng/ml) | 55 | 80.9 |
| Normal (≤ 0.01 ng/ml) | 13 | 19.1 | |