Table 2.
Parent bacteria | Limitation | Resolvent | References |
---|---|---|---|
STEC strain (O157:H7 serotype) | Efficiency restricted to O157:H7 serotype | multi-antigenicity vaccines need to be explored | 85 |
S. Enteritidis | Slightly toxicity | Improved stratgies to reduce endotoxin activity | 87 |
E. coli | verification of protection effects only in mice | Further evaluation on other species | 93 |
Neisseria meningitidis | Short duration when immunization beyond the vaccine strain | Repeat immunization and adapt other components of vaccines to OMVs | 91 |
Neisseria meningitis | the safety need to be considered because of potent immune response | Vaccination with aluminum hydroxide to ensure safety | 95 |
V. cholerae | LPS endotoxicity and expensive production of OMVs | Recombinant OMVs to reduce endotoxicity and advanced methods on OMVs isolation | 99 |
Abbreviations: STEC, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli; OMVs, outer membrane vesicles; S. Enteritidis, Salmonella Enteritidis; E.coli, Escherichia coli; V. cholerae, Vibrio cholerae; LPS, lipopolysaccharide;