Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population by gradable and ungradable retinal photographs
| Characteristic | Gradable | Ungradable |
|---|---|---|
| N | 9109 | 3611 |
| Age (years) | 63.7 (9.0) | 71.7 (12.7) |
| Female sex (%) | 5286 (58) | 2251 (62) |
| Education (%) | ||
| Low | 3869 (43) | 2020 (56) |
| Intermediate | 3839 (42) | 1191 (33) |
| High | 1401 (15) | 402 (11) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.7 (21.0) | 140.8 (22.5) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.2 (11.9) | 76.4 (12.8) |
| Blood pressure lowering medication (%) | 2638 (29) | 1377 (38) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.9 (4.1) | 26.7 (4.2) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.2 (1.3) | 6.2 (1.3) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) |
| White blood cell (count/mm3) | 6.7 (1.9) | 6.9 (2.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 (%) | 663 (7) | 331 (9) |
| Daily alcohol intake (%) | ||
| Nondrinker | 2626 (29) | 636 (18) |
| ≤ 15 g | 4251 (47) | 1899 (53) |
| > 15 g | 2232 (25) | 1078 (30) |
| Carotid plaque score ≥ 4 (%) | 1338 (15) | 702 (19) |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 575 (6) | 230 (6) |
| Smoking status (%) | ||
| Non smoker | 2921 (32) | 1279 (35) |
| Past smoker | 4012 (44) | 1204 (33) |
| Current smoker | 2176 (24) | 742 (21) |
| Venular caliber (µm) | 228.6 (23.1) | NA |
| Arteriolar caliber (µm) | 150.8 (15.7) | NA |
Values are presented as means (standard deviation) or as percentages
NA not applicable