Table 2.
Propensity Score–Adjusted Healthcare Costs Per Patient Per Eligible Montha
| Patients Treated at Non-CCI Practices, 2008–2010 (n = 2577) | Patients Treated at CCI Practices, 2008–2010 (n = 302) | Difference Between Pre-Post Change in CCI Relative to Non-CCI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre–Index Episode, Mean (SD) | Post Index Episode, Mean (SD) | Change Pre-Post | Pre–Index Episode, Mean (SD) | Post Index Episode, Mean (SD) | Change Pre-Post | Difference in Changes of Mean Costs (95% CI) | P | |
| ED | 16.46 (33.88) | 24.29 (908.31) | 7.83 | 33.96 (65.17) | 39.86 (87.52) | 5.90 | −1.94 (−35.94 to 32.12) | .91 |
| Inpatient | ||||||||
| Psychiatric and mentalb health services | 40.75 (402.71) | 22.43 (314.68) | −18.32 | 25.90 (156.86) | 28.25 (178.72) | 2.35 | 20.67 (−1.35 to 42.69) | .067 |
| Substance abuse treatment | 1.95 (42.62) | 0.97 (22.43) | −0.97 | 1.84 (23.00) | 2.19 (38.03) | 0.35 | 1.32 (−6.77 to 9.41) | .75 |
| Medical servicesc | 1372.16 (5971.72) | 1676.03 (6467.60) | 303.87 | 1598.79 (4428.63) | 1486.97 (3832.67) | −111.82 | −415.69 (−716.34 to −115.04) | .007 |
| Total inpatientc | 1414.86 (5984.70) | 1699.43 (6471.65) | 284.58 | 1626.53 (4426.24) | 1517.40 (3831.37) | −109.13 | −393.71 (−759.43 to −27.99) | .035 |
| Outpatient | ||||||||
| Psychiatric and mental health services | 8.36 (20.49) | 8.26 (19.38) | −0.11 | 7.63 (22.84) | 7.23 (15.45) | −0.40 | −0.30 (−5.65 to 5.05) | .92 |
| Substance abuse | 9.36 (36.41) | 12.39 (45.43) | 3.03 | 11.11 (37.68) | 9.28 (34.18) | −1.83 | −4.86 (−7.48 to −2.23) | .001 |
| Medical services | 103.02 (188.36) | 134.82 (226.85) | 31.79 | 143.07 (313.09) | 170.98 (302.77) | 27.90 | −3.89 (−22.95 to 15.17) | .69 |
| Pharmacyb | 1169.86 (1492.37) | 1236.43 (1384.26) | 66.57 | 1129.19 (1067.87) | 1386.35 (1406.96) | 257.17 | 190.60 (65.66−315.54) | .003 |
| Non-HIV pharmacyc | 686.07 (1096.89) | 711.28 (959.70) | 25.22 | 694.80 (824.07) | 878.45 (1077.41) | 183.65 | 158.43 (68.42−248.44) | .001 |
| HIV pharmacyb | 483.79 (739.95) | 525.15 (704.81) | 41.36 | 434.39 (460.53) | 507.90 (610.77) | 73.51 | 32.16 (−50.78 to 115.09) | .76 |
| Total outpatientb | 1290.60 (1533.95) | 1391.90 (1435.50) | 101.30 | 1290.99 (1174.94) | 1573.83 (1506.34) | 282.84 | 181.54 (68.94−294.14) | .002 |
| Total cost | 2721.91 (6326.52) | 3115.62 (6748.74) | 393.71 | 2951.48 (4854.14) | 3131.09 (4187.62) | 179.61 | −214.10 (−345.65 to −82.55) | .002 |
CCI indicates Chronic Care Initiative; ED, emergency department.
a
Note that analyses were conducted on transformed variables, but back-transformed values are shown in this table. Because these are back-transformed values, summing the mean values for the individual cost variables in this table does not reproduce the mean value for the total cost variable. Costs are given in dollars per eligible month. Negative values for differences favored the CCI group over the non-CCI group and vice versa for positive values.
b
Square-root transformation.
c
Logarithmic transformation.