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. 2018 Oct 6;62(1):147–155. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4739-3

Table 2.

Direct costs of specific healthcare services per individual per year in the two treatment groups

Costs Mean yearly healthcare costs per individual (€) p value
Intensive Conventional
Outpatient services (from 1996)
  CVD 92 136 0.087
  Not CVD 1177 1211 0.99
  Total 1269 1347 0.92
Inpatient admissions services
  1993–1995
    CVD 1290 2015 0.72
    Not CVD 3712 2361 0.29
    Total 5003 4375 0.89
  From 1996
    CVD 1338 2262 0.0048
    Not CVD 2957 3509 0.43
    Total 4295 5771 0.028
  1993–2014
    CVD 1331 2213 0.0024
    Not CVD 3079 3281 0.63
    Total 4410 5494 0.042
Prescription drugs
  1993–1995 5071 3410 <0.0001
  From 1996 2680 2387 0.0006
Primary healthcare sector (from 1993) 433 514 <0.0001

As not all data from 1993 to 1995 are available, the periods before and after 1996 are reported separately. ‘Outpatient services’ includes any expenses related to consultations and treatment at a hospital that are not an admission. ‘Inpatient admissions services’ includes any expenses related to hospital admissions. ‘Prescription drugs’ includes any expenses related to prescribed medication. ‘Primary healthcare sector’ includes any expenses related to consultations with, or treatments from, a GP or specialised medical professional not employed at a hospital, such as an ophthalmologist