Table 2.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazard Ratios and 95% CIs of Achieving Incident Hypertension Control Among Young Adults (18-39 years-old)
| Variable | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) |
P value* | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender† | ||||
| Male | 0.52 (0.47-0.58) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.55-0.69) | <0.001 |
| Female (Reference) | 1.00 – | – | 1.00 – | -- |
| Age, tertile | ||||
| Lowest age tertile (18-29 years old) | 0.99 (0.86-1.15) | 0.93 | ||
| Middle age tertile (30-35 years old) | 1.09 (0.96-1.24) | 0.17 | ||
| Highest age tertile (36-39 years old) (Reference) | 1.00 – | -- | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 0.91 (0.79-1.04) | 0.18 | ||
| Non-white (Reference) | 1.00 – | -- | ||
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married (Reference) | 1.00 – | -- | ||
| Not married | 0.87 (0.78-0.98) | 0.023 | ||
| Primary Spoken Language, n (%) | ||||
| English (Reference) | 1.00 – | -- | ||
| Other | 0.47 (0.37-0.60) | <0.001 | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| Not obese (BMI ≤29.9 kg/m2) (Reference) | 1.00 – | -- | ||
| Obese/Morbidly obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.004 | ||
| Baseline Tobacco Status | ||||
| Current tobacco use | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) | 0.09 | ||
| Former tobacco use | 0.94 (0.83–1.08) | 0.40 | ||
| Never tobacco use (Reference) | 1.00 – | -- | ||
| On Medicaid ever‡ | 1.35 (1.18–1.54) | <0.001 | ||
| JNC 7 Stage of Hypertension | ||||
| Stage 1: 140-159/90-99 mmHg | 1.35 (1.18–1.54) | <0.001 | ||
| Stage 2: ≥160/100 mmHg (Reference) | 1.00 – | -- | ||
| Baseline Comorbid Conditions | ||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.18 (0.97–1.45) | 0.10 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.96 (0.71–1.31) | 0.81 | ||
| Anxiety and/or depression | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 0.002 | ||
| ACG§ Risk Score | 1.09 (1.04–1.13) | <0.001 | ||
| Baseline Ambulatory Visits | ||||
| Primary Care Visits | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | <0.001 | ||
| Specialty Care Visits | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | <0.001 | ||
| Urgent Care Visits | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 0.14 |
CI, Confidence Interval; HR, Hazard Ratio; BMI, body mass index; kg/m2, kilograms per meters squared
*
Global p-value for proportional hazards assumption p=0.80
†
Gender is the primary explanatory variable. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, primary spoken language, BMI, tobacco status, Medicaid use, chronic comorbid conditions, morbidity burden (ACG score), and ambulatory encounter frequency.
‡
On Medicaid during the baseline or study period
§
ACG = Adjusted Clinical Group Case-Mix Assessment System