Table 1. Patient characteristics and radiological findings at baseline.
| Sepsis |
Severe Malaria |
Uncomplicated Malaria |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | |||
| N | 71 | 13 | 18 |
| Male, n(%) | 39 (55%) | 8 (57%) | 14 (78%) |
| Age (years) | 38 (33) | 33 (23) | 35 (30) |
| Disease severity | |||
| Mortality, n(%) | 18 (25%) | 4 (31%) | 0 (0%) |
| SF | 452 (52) | 462 (14) | 464 (12) |
| GCS (3–15) | 15 (4) | 9 (3) | 15 (0) |
| MABP (mm Hg) | 85 (21) | 80 (7) | 75 (13) |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 75 (58) | 117 (173) | 86 (68) |
| Base Deficit (mmol/L) | -2 (5) | -6 (7) | -2.5 (3) |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.6 (1) | 2.3 (1.6) | 1.2 (0.5) |
| WBC (x103/μL) | 11.2 (8.2) | 9.2 (5.6) | 5.4 (2.8) |
| Platelets (x103/μL) | 202 (166) | 31 (48) | 55 (45) |
| Lung ultrasonography | |||
| A-pattern (Whole chest normal aeration) | 26 (37%) | 8 (62%) | 10 (56%) |
| B-pattern (1–4 areas) | 19 (27%) | 4 (31%) | 7 (39%) |
| B-pattern (5–8 areas) * | 10 (14%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (6%) |
| B-pattern (9–12 areas) * | 7 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| C-pattern (≥1 area(s) with consolidation) * | 17 (24%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Bilateral Interstitial syndrome * | 19 (27%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) |
| ARDS (Kigali modification) * | 10 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVFS (%) | 31 (7) | 41 (11) | 31 (10) |
| IVC collapsibility (%) | 26 (33) | 18 (19) | 26 (40) |
| Chest radiography | |||
| Any infiltrate | 18 (30) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
All are medians (Inter Quartile Range, IQR) unless stated otherwise. SF, SpO2/FiO2 ratio; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MABP, Mean arterial blood pressure; WBC, White Blood Cells. ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening. IVC, inferior vena cava.
*Cases may have overlapping LUS abnormalities.