Fig. 4. Variation in population growth rates across years for different levels of region remoteness.

(A) Population growth by remoteness. The urban population has been increasing steadily, while the rural population declines in both relative (all nonurban areas) and absolute (remote regions) terms. (B to D) Time series representations of urban (B), nonurban (C), and remote (D) populations since 2008. (E and F) Time series of relative urban population fractions computed against nonurban (E) and remote (F) populations.