Plant virus–cuticular protein (CuP) interactions. (a) Interaction of noncirculative viruses with cuticular proteins at the tip of aphid maxillary stylets: cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) with RR-1 protein via its helper protein P2 [15••], cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) with RR-1 and/or RR-2 proteins [22,25], zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) via its helper protein HC-Pro with RR-1 and/or RR-2 proteins [17]. (b) Interaction of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) and turnip yellow virus (TuYV), three circulative viruses, with RR-2 and/or unknown cuticular proteins within their aphid-vector body [16,18••,20]. (c) The nucleocapsid protein of the circulative rice stripe virus (RSV) binds an RR-1 protein in the hemolymph of its planthopper vector [13••], and may also interact with another RR-2 and a Tweedle cuticular protein [26].