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. 2018 Dec 6;9:616. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00616

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Figure showing the outline of top–down approaches for quantum dots synthesis. The approaches basically involve the step-by-step breakdown of a bulk piece of material to form particles in the nanometer range. Top–down approaches involves techniques like lithography, focussed ion beam techniques and etching techniques.