Table 3.

Energy transfer mechanism based Quantum Dots.

Quantum dots	Application	Mechanism	Reference
CdTe QDs	Detection of the breast cancer biomarker microRNA.	FRET	Borghei et al., 2017
Carbon QDs	Fluorescent platform for miRNA detection.	FRET	Khakbaz and Mahani, 2017
Graphene QDs conjugated with antibody anti-cardiac Troponin I	Detection of cardiac marker antigen Troponin I in blood based on FRET between conjugate and grapheme (quencher) only in 10 min.	FRET	Bhatnagar et al., 2016
Graphene QDs	Detection of miRNAs based on graphene quantum dots and pyrene-functionalized molecular beacon probes	FRET	Zhang et al., 2015
CdTe/CdS core-shell QDs capped with 3-mercaptopropionic acid	Ultrahigh-sensitive and -selective DNA and miRNA detection.	FRET	Su et al., 2014
Streptavidin-conjugated CdTe QDs	Exploration of the potential of far-red CdTe/ZnS core-shell Qdot705 (Invitrogen) as an efficient donor in a FRET assay.	FRET	Chong et al., 2007
CdTe QDs	An efficient CRET between luminol and QDs based on HRP–QD conjugates and the immuno-interaction of the QD–BSA and anti BSA–HRP in the luminol/hydrogen peroxide CL reaction.	CRET	Huang et al., 2006
CdSe/ZnSQDs.	Detection of ATP and DNA by the appropriate modification of QDs with nucleic acids capable of assembling the hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme upon detecting different analytes.	CRET	Freeman et al., 2011
CdSeTe/CdS QDs	NIR optical detection of apoptotic cells	BRET	Tsuboi and Jin, 2017
QD655	Bioluminescent QD was employed as an internal light source for meta-tetra-hydroxyphenyl-chlorin mediated photodynamic therapy	BRET	Hsu et al., 2012
CdSe/ZnS core-shell QD705	For lymph node mapping.	BRET	Kamkaew et al., 2016

ATP, Adenosine-tri-phosphate; BRET, Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; BSA, Bovine serum albumin; CdTe, Cadmium telluride; CRET, Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer; FRET, Förster resonance energy transfer; HRP, Horse radish peroxidase; QDs, quantum dots; ZnS, Zinc sulfide.