Table 1.
List of TMEM proteins involved in cancer.
| TMEM | Localization | Function | Cancer | Models | Involvement in cancer | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient | In vitro | In vivo | In vitro | In vivo | |||||
| TMEM25 | Unknown | Immune response | Colorectal adenocarcinoma | / | / | / | / | Tumor suppressor | Katoh and Katoh, 2004; Doolan et al., 2009; Hrasovec et al., 2013 |
| TMEM7 | Unknown | Interaction with olfactory receptors | Primary hepatocarcinoma | Hepatocarcinoma | Hepatocarcinoma | SNU398, PLC/PRF/5, HLF, MHCC97 | SNU398, PLC/PRF/5 | Tumor suppressor | Zhou et al., 2007 |
| TMEM176A | Golgi apparatus (cis) | Unknown | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer | BIC1, TE1, TE3, TE13, KYSE140, KYSE180, KYSE410, KYSE450, KYSE520, Segl, KYSE150, YES2, COLO680N and LS180, SW620, HT29, SW480, LOVO, HCT116, RKO and DLD1 | KYSE410 | Tumor suppressor | Gao et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017 |
| TMEM97 | Unknown | Cholesterol level, growth and differentiation of the liver | Pancreatic cancer | Pancreatic cancer | / | Aspc-1, BxPc-3, Capan-1, Colo-357, T3M4, Mia-Paca-1, Panc-1 | / | Tumor suppressor | Murphy et al., 1993; Malhotra et al., 1999; Kannan et al., 2001; Atalay et al., 2002; Kayed et al., 2004 |
| Ovarian, breast, lung cancer | Glioma and gastric cancer | / | U373, U87 and BGC-823, AGS | / | Oncogene/chemoresistance | Chen et al., 2007; Han et al., 2013; Xiao et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2014; Qiu et al., 2015; Ding et al., 2016, 2017 | |||
| TMEM48 | Nuclear pore complexes | Assembly and insertion of nuclear pore complexes to the nuclear membrane | Lung carcinoma | Lung carcinoma | Lung carcinoma | A549, H1299 | A549 | Oncogene | Agudo et al., 2004; Kau et al., 2004; Stavru et al., 2006; D’Angelo and Hetzer, 2008; Qiao et al., 2016 |
| TMEM45A | Golgi apparatus (trans) | Association with epidermal keratinization | Breast, liver, renal, head and neck, ductal, ovarian cancers and glioma | Glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, breast, cancers | / | U251, U373, HO-8910, A2780, HepG2, MDA-MB231 | / | Oncogene/chemoresistance | Sermeus et al., 2008; Flamant et al., 2010, 2012; Lee et al., 2012; Hayez et al., 2014; Guo et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2015; Wrzesinski et al., 2015; Manawapat-Klopfer et al., 2016 |
| TMEM16A | Plasma membrane | Calcium activated chloride channels | Head and neck, esophageal, breast, prostate, gastric, colorectal cancer | Head and neck, gastric, colorectal cancers | / | Cal-27, Cal-33, BHY, SW620, HCT116, LS174T, AGS, BGC-823 | / | Oncogene | Carles et al., 2006; Thomas-Gatewood et al., 2011; Ruiz et al., 2012; Sui et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2015; Sauter et al., 2015 |
| TMEM140 | Unknown | Unknown | Glioma | Glioma | / | / | / | Oncogene | Liu et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015a |
| TMEM158 | Unknown | Hypothetical function in a neuronal survival pathway | Ovarian cancer | Ovarian cancer | Ovarian cancer | HO-8910, A2780 | HO-8910 | Oncogene | Barradas et al., 2002; Zirn et al., 2006; Cheng et al., 2015 |
| TMEM14A | Mitochondria | Inhibition of apoptosis | Hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian and colon cancers | Ovarian cancer | / | A2780, HO-8910 | / | Oncogene | Hodo et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2016 |
| TMEM88 | Plasma membrane | Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (membrane associated) and heart development | Lung, breast, colon cancers and hepatocellular, gastric carcinoma | Lung cancer | Lung cancer | A549, H1299, H460, H292, SPC-A-1, LTEP-A-2, LK2, PG-BE1 and PG-LH7 | LK2 | Tumor suppressor if membrane associated/chemoresistance | Lee et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015; de Leon et al., 2016; Ge et al., 2018 |
| Cytosolic | A549, H1299 | Oncogene if cytosolic | |||||||
| TMEM45B | Unknown | Unknown | Lung cancer | Lung, pancreatic cancers | Lung cancer | A549, NCI-H1975, SW1990, PANC-1 | A549 | Oncogene | Hu et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2016 |
| Unknown | Unknown | Osteosarcoma | Osteosarcoma | Osteosarcoma | U2OS | U2OS | Oncogene | Li et al., 2017 | |
| Unknown | Unknown | Gastric cancer | Gastric cancer | / | BGC-823,MGC-803, SGC-7901, HGC-27 | / | Oncogene | Shen et al., 2018 | |
| TMEM205 | Plasma membrane or perinuclear | Hypothetical role in secretion or vesicular trafficking | / | Epidermoid carcinoma | / | KB-3-1, KB-CP.3, KB-C.5, Balb/3T3 | / | Oncogene/chemoresistance | Clark et al., 2003; Shen et al., 2010; Shen and Gottesman, 2012 |
| TMEM98 | Unknown | Unknown | Lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma | Lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma | Hepatocellular carcinoma | A549, H460, MHCC97L/CisR, MHCC97L/DoxR | MHCC97L/CisR, MHCC97L/DoxR | Oncogene/chemoresistance | Ng et al., 2014; Fu et al., 2015; Mao et al., 2015 |
The table summarizes their localization, function and the type of cancer in which they are implicated, with the corresponding references.