Table 1.
Characteristics at analysis baselinea for 61,242 patients who had a care visit at 10 to 19 years of age at an IeDEA site between 2003 and 2016
| Characteristicsb | At age 10 or first visit if first visit < age 15 N = 42,138 (68.8%) | At first visit if first visit ≥ age 15 N = 19,104 (31.2%) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 19,816 (47.0) | 3638 (19.0) | <0.001 |
| Female | 22,137 (52.5) | 15,420 (80.7) | |
| Unknown | 185 (0.4) | 46 (0.3) | |
| Age at first clinic visit (years) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 9.8 (6.8, 12.0) | 17.5 (16.4, 18.3) | N/A |
| Mean (SD) | 9.3 (3.48) | 17.3 (1.14) | |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | |||
| <200 | 6447 (15.3) | 3764 (19.7) | <0.001 |
| 200 to 349 | 4087 (9.7) | 3360 (17.6) | |
| 350 to 499 | 3668 (8.7) | 2508 (13.1) | |
| ≥500 | 11,176 (26.5) | 3617 (18.9) | |
| Unknown | 16,760 (39.8) | 5855 (30.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 435 (196, 745) | 329 (178, 521) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) | 513 (405.1) | 377 (274.3) | <0.001 |
| HIV viral load, copies/mL | |||
| <50 | 3026 (7.2) | 227 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| 50 to 399 | 1535 (3.6) | 132 (0.7) | |
| 400 to 999 | 472 (1.1) | 42 (0.2) | |
| 1000 to 9999 | 837 (2.0) | 157 (0.8) | |
| ≥10,000 | 2199 (5.2) | 483 (2.5) | |
| Unknown | 34,069 (80.9) | 18,063 (94.6) | |
| Median log10 (IQR) HIV‐RNA | 2.4 (1.6, 4.2) | 3.9 (1.9, 4.9) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.60) | 3.6 (1.58) | <0.001 |
| WHO/CDC clinical stage | |||
| WHO stage 1/CDC stage N | 1759 (4.2) | 1808 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| WHO stage 2/CDC stage A | 2613 (6.2) | 885 (4.6) | |
| WHO stage 3/CDC stage B | 2638 (6.3) | 798 (4.2) | |
| WHO stage 4/CDC stage C | 1872 (4.4) | 267 (1.4) | |
| Not documented | 33,256 (78.9) | 15,346 (80.3) | |
| Weight‐for‐age z‐score | |||
| <−3 | 7179 (17.0) | 2079 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| −3 ≤ to <−2 | 6644 (15.8) | 1401 (7.3) | |
| −2 ≤ to <−1 | 9051 (21.5) | 2353 (12.3) | |
| ≥−1 | 7664 (18.2) | 6690 (35.0) | |
| Unknown | 11,600 (27.5) | 6581 (34.5) | |
| Median (IQR) | −1.9 (−2.9, −1.0) | −0.9 (−2.2, −0.1) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) | −2.1 (1.63) | −1.3 (1.99) | <0.001 |
| Height‐for‐age z‐score | |||
| <−3 | 5254 (12.5) | 851 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| −3 ≤ to <−2 | 6896 (16.4) | 1348 (7.1) | |
| −2 ≤ to <−1 | 7642 (18.1) | 3138 (16.4) | |
| ≥−1 | 6422 (15.2) | 5136 (26.9) | |
| Unknown | 15,924 (37.8) | 8631 (45.2) | |
| Median (IQR) | −1.9 (−2.8, −1.0) | −1.0 (−1.9, −0.3) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) | −1.9 (1.42) | −1.1 (1.35) | <0.001 |
| Timing of antiretroviralsc | |||
| Started before baseline | 17,420 (41.3) | 164 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Started at baseline | 4982 (11.8) | 3232 (16.9) | |
| Type of regimenc , d | |||
| 3‐ART‐NNRTI | 18,389 (82.1) | 2822 (83.1) | <0.001 |
| 3‐ART‐PI | 1489 (6.7) | 147 (4.3) | |
| 3‐ART‐NNRTI/PI based | 55 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) | |
| 3‐ART‐other | 52 (0.2) | 11 (0.3) | |
| Mono/dual | 2417 (10.8) | 414 (12.2) | |
| Most frequent antiretroviral regimenc | |||
| 3TC/d4T/EFV | 4105 (18.3) | 191 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| 3TC/d4T/NVP | 3759 (16.8) | 265 (7.8) | |
| 3TC/AZT/NVP | 3362 (15.0) | 184 (5.4) | |
| 3TC/AZT/EFV | 2418 (10.8) | 156 (4.6) | |
| ABC/3TC/EFV | 2264 (10.1) | 53 (1.6) | |
| ABC/3TC/NVP | 1344 (6.0) | 16 (0.5) | |
| FTC/EFV/TDF | 313 (1.4) | 1057 (31.1) | |
| 3TC/EFV/TDF | 314 (1.4) | 653 (19.2) | |
| 3TC/NVP/TDF | 47 (0.2) | 153 (4.6) | |
| Otherse | 4476 (20.0) | 668 (19.7) | |
| Duration on antiretrovirals, yearsf | |||
| <1 | 3765 (21.6) | 91 (55.5) | <0.001 |
| 1 to 2 | 5764 (33.1) | 27 (16.5) | |
| ≥3 | 7891 (45.3) | 46 (28.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.7 (1.2, 4.6) | 0.6 (0.1, 3.9) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) | 3.1 (2.29) | 2.1 (2.55) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise noted. We used the 1977 WHO growth curve for weight‐for‐age z‐score (more recent weight curves are limited to children age ≤10 years) and the 2006/2007 WHO growth curve for height‐for‐age z‐score. 3‐ART, antiretroviral therapy regimen of three or more antiretrovirals; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; mono/dual, single or two drugs; SD, standard deviation.
aBaseline was the date of the 10th birthday for those who entered care before age 10, and the date of the first clinic visit for those who entered care at or after age 10. bIeDEA regions utilize a common data exchange standard for harmonizing data for use in multiregional analyses that includes formats and categorizations for specific data variables that are available at iedeades.org. cThis only includes those who were on antiretrovirals at baseline. Those who started before baseline and stopped before baseline and those who started antiretrovirals after baseline were not included. d3‐ART represents triple‐drug regimens. The drug class following that term denotes where one of the drugs included either an NNRTI, PI, or both classes; “other” represents triple‐drug regimens without an NNRTI or PI. Non‐3‐ART represents regimens with fewer than three individual antiretroviral drugs. eIncludes other triple‐drug and mono/dual antiretroviral combinations. fDuration has been calculated for adolescents who started antiretrovirals before baseline and were still on them at baseline.