Table A1.
Parameter Estimates From Two Bivariate Latent-Change-Score Models: BLCSM0 and BLCSM2
| Parameter type and parameter | BLCSM0 (bivariate latent change without couplings or auto-proportional effects) |
BLCSM2 (bivariate latent change with fluid intelligence → depressive symptoms coupling) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 99% CI | Estimate | 99% CI | |
| Means | ||||
| Level of fluid intelligence | 0.008 | [−0.067, 0.083] | 0.000 | [−0.075, 0.075] |
| Slope of fluid intelligence | −0.131 | [−0.152, −0.110] | −0.109 | [−0.148, −0.070] |
| Level of depressive symptoms | 2.730 | [2.560, 2.900] | 2.784 | [2.609, 2.959] |
| Slope of depressive symptoms | 0.139 | [0.069, 0.209] | 0.540 | [−0.861, 1.941] |
| Variances | ||||
| Level of fluid intelligence | 0.632 | [0.521, 0.743] | 0.628 | [0.517, 0.739] |
| Slope of fluid intelligence | 0.008 | [0.003, 0.013] | 0.040 | [−0.042, 0.122] |
| Level of depressive symptoms | 3.436 | [2.900, 3.972] | 3.452 | [2.906, 3.998] |
| Slope of depressive symptoms | 0.138 | [0.056, 0.220] | 1.151 | [−0.523, 2.825] |
| Covariances (standardized) | ||||
| Level of fluid intelligence with slope of fluid intelligence | −0.235 | [−0.427, −0.023] | −0.941 | [−0.957, −0.919] |
| Level of depressive symptoms with slope of depressive symptoms | −0.077 | [−0.291, 0.144] | −0.121 | [−0.732, 0.598] |
| Level of fluid intelligence with level of depressive symptoms | −0.173 | [−0.269, −0.074] | −0.164 | [−0.262, −0.062] |
| Level of fluid intelligence with slope of depressive symptoms | −0.145 | [−0.341, 0.063] | 0.870 | [0.781, 0.924] |
| Level of depressive symptoms with slope of fluid intelligence | −0.076 | [−0.306, 0.163] | 0.111 | [−0.054, 0.270] |
| Slope of fluid intelligence with slope of depressive symptoms | −0.103 | [−0.475, 0.300] | −0.822 | [−0.897, −0.702] |
| Proportional changes (β) | ||||
| Fluid intelligence → Δfluid intelligence | 0.219 | [−0.072, 0.510] | ||
| Depressive symptoms → Δdepressive symptoms | −0.193 | [−0.703, 0.317] | ||
| Coupling effects (γ) | ||||
| Fluid intelligence → Δdepressive symptoms | −1.369 | [−2.397, −0.341] | ||
| Fluid intelligence factor loadings (Wave 1, standardized) | ||||
| Block Design | 0.796 | [0.752, 0.840] | 0.796 | [0.752, 0.840] |
| Matrix Reasoning | 0.706 | [0.671, 0.741] | 0.703 | [0.657, 0.749] |
| Spatial Span (forward and backward) | 0.551 | [0.499, 0.603] | 0.551 | [0.499, 0.603] |
| Residual variances | ||||
| Block Design | 0.365 | [0.301, 0.429] | 0.364 | [0.300, 0.428] |
| Matrix Reasoning | 0.490 | [0.433, 0.547] | 0.492 | [0.435, 0.549] |
| Spatial Span (forward and backward) | 0.687 | [0.628, 0.746] | 0.686 | [0.627, 0.745] |
| Depressive symptoms | 1.606 | [1.446, 1.766] | 1.583 | [1.423, 1.743] |
Note: Values in brackets are 99% confidence intervals. Slope refers to static linear change per 3-year interval (between ages 70 and 79 years). Except where noted, estimates shown are unstandardized and based on scaled scores for fluid intelligence (see the Method section) and raw scores for depressive symptoms. Proportional changes and coupling effects reflect scores at time t as predictive of change in score between time t and t + 3 years.