Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HF patients, MAHFER study
| N = 195 | |
|---|---|
| Characteristic | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 52 (21.4) |
| Women, n (%) | 132 (67.7) |
| Asset index quintiles, n (%) | |
| Poorest | 33 (16.9) |
| Poorer | 32 (16.4) |
| Average | 34 (17.4) |
| Rich | 38 (19.5) |
| Richest | 34 (12.3) |
| Missing | 24 (12.3) |
| Highest education level attained, n (%) | |
| None | 73 (37.4) |
| Primary | 105 (53.9) |
| Secondary & Tertiary | 17 (8.7) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |
| Never smoked | 153 (78.5) |
| Former smoker | 24 (12.3) |
| Current smoker | 18 (9.2) |
| Alcohol use history, n (%) | |
| Never | 19 (9.7) |
| Non-hazardous | 172 (88.2) |
| Hazardous | 4 (2.1) |
| Comorbid diseases | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 56 (28.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 15 (7.7) |
| HIV infection, n (%) | 16 (8.2) |
| None | 108 (55.4) |
| Self-reported poor medication adherence | 115 (59) |
| Aetiology of Heart failure | |
| Hypertensive heart disease | 42 (21.5) |
| Dilated cardiomyopathies | 39 (20.0) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 6 (3.1) |
| Unknown | 108 (55.4) |
| NYHA¥ functional class at enrollment | |
| NYHA class I, n (%) | 0 (0) |
| NYHA class II, n (%) | 1 (0.5) |
| NYHA class III, n (%) | 85 (43.6) |
| NYHA class IV, n (%) | 109 (55.9) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) | |
| LVEF*, mean (SD) | 41 (12.9) |
| Medication during hospital stay*, n (%) | |
| Furosemide | 178 (91.3) |
| ACEI/ARB∧ | 54 (27.7) |
| Digoxin | 45 (23.1) |
| Dobutamine | 20 (10.3) |
| Blood test | |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 59.6 (65.4) |
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.7) |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 132 (15.8) |
| BNP∞(pg/mL), mean (SD) | 2164 (1762) |
| CKMB€ (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 4.3 (10.2) |
SD standard deviation, NYHA¥ New York Heart Association, LVEF* Left ventricular Ejection fraction, HIV Human Immunodeficiency virus, ACEI/ARB∧ Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, BNP∞ Brain Natriuretic Peptide, CKMB€ Creatine-Kinase (MB isomer)
*Most participants took multiple medications thus the percentages of medications add up to more than 100%