Table 2.
Comparison of the background characteristics between the women with and without dizziness
| Not suffered from dizziness (n = 303) |
Suffered from dizziness (n = 168) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age and menopause status | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 51.4 (5.1) | 50.7 (4.7) | 0.106a |
| Menopausal status (premenopausal /perimenopausal/postmenopausal/surgical menopause, %) | 26.1/16.2/43.6/14.2 | 28.0/22.6/35.7/13.7 | 0.238c |
| Body composition, mean (SD) | |||
| Height, cm | 157.0 (5.3) | 157.4 (5.7) | 0.500a |
| Body weight, kg | 52.7 (8.8) | 54.4 (9.6) | 0.049a |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.4 (3.4) | 22.0 (3.8) | 0.067a |
| Body fat, % | 26.8 (7.5) | 27.9 (7.9) | 0.127a |
| Muscle mass, kg | 35.9 (2.9) | 36.3 (3.1) | 0.147a |
| Water mass, kg | 27.4 (4.0) | 27.8 (3.2) | 0.328a |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, % | 85.9 (6.0) | 86.8 (7.0) | 0.121a |
| Visceral fat level | 4.7 (2.5) | 5.0 (2.8) | 0.215b |
| Cardiovascular parameters, mean (SD) | |||
| Systolic pressure, mmHg | 124.8 (15.9) | 127.6 (17.9) | 0.083a |
| Diastolic pressure, mmHg | 79.9 (11.0) | 80.6 (12.4) | 0.507a |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 64.0 (11.7) | 63.3 (9.8) | 0.494a |
| Cardio-ankle vascular index | 7.52 (0.78) | 7.48 (0.75) | 0.610a |
| Ankle-brachial pressure index | 1.11 (0.06) | 1.11 (0.06) | 0.334a |
| Basal metabolism, mean (SD) | |||
| Body temperature, (°C) | 36.3 (0.48) | 36.3 (0.45) | 0.757a |
| Resting energy expenditure, kcal/day | 1591 (387) | 1625 (430) | 0.385a |
| Physical fitness, mean (SD) | |||
| Hand-grip strength, kgf | 25.2 (4.6) | 25.0 (4.9) | 0.569a |
| Reaction time, cm | 21.8 (4.1) | 22.6 (4.3) | 0.053a |
| Sit and reach test, cm | 36.5 (9.7) | 37.2 (9.4) | 0.489a |
| Physical symptoms, mean (SD) | |||
| MHR-QOL vasomotor symptom score | 1.7 (2.0) | 2.4 (2.1) | < 0.001b |
| Psychological symptoms, mean (SD) | |||
| MHR-QOL insomnia symptom score | 2.0 (2.2) | 2.7 (2.1) | < 0.001b |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’s depression subscale score | 6.2 (4.0) | 8.1 (3.9) | < 0.001b |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’s anxiety subscale score | 6.9 (3.9) | 8.8 (3.6) | < 0.001b |
| Lifestyle characteristics, % | |||
| Habit of regular exercise, yes/no | 47.2/52.8 | 34.3/65.7 | 0.008c |
| Amount of daily caffeinated beverage consumption, more than 3 cups/1–3 cups/none | 66.6/24.8/8.6 | 61.3/32.1/6.5 | 0.208c |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption, daily/sometimes/never | 11.6/31.6/56.8 | 7.1/28.6/64.3 | 0.174c |
| Habit of smoking, more than 20 cigarettes per day/1–20 cigarettes per day/none | 2.3/8.3/89.4 | 3.6/8.3/88.1 | 0.728c |
MHR-QOL Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire
aUnpaired t-test
bMann Whitney U-test
cFisher’s exact test