Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and day-7 outcome of study participants according to race
| All | Black patients | Non-black patients | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 428 | N = 240 | N = 188 | ||
| N(%) or Median (IQR) | ||||
| Age, years | 35 (27–45) | 30 (23–40) | 41 (34–49) | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 227 (53) | 135 (56) | 92 (49) | 0.13 |
| Low socioeconomic status | 178 (42) | 178 (74) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Malaria coinfection | 15 (3.5) | 12 (5.0) | 3 (1.6) | 0.06 |
| Pregnancy | 8 (1.9) | 5 (2.1) | 3 (1.6) | 0.71 |
| HIV a | 11 (2.6) | 11 (4.6) | 0 (0) | NA |
| History of diabetes | 6 (1.4) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.6) | 0.76 |
| Secondary dengue | 57 (13.3) | 31 (13) | 26 (14) | 0.78 |
| Symptoms and signs at inclusion | ||||
| Duration of symptoms, days; Mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.3) | 2.7 (1.6) | 0.01 |
| Headache | 374 (87) | 220 (92) | 154 (82) | 0.003 |
| Rash | 98 (23) | 10 (4.2) | 88 (47) | < 0.001 |
| Myalgia/Arthralgia | 286 (67) | 182 (76) | 104 (55) | < 0.001 |
| Vomiting | 87 (20) | 47 (20) | 40 (21) | 0.67 |
| Systolic blood pressure < 90mmh b | 10 (2.3) | 1 (0.4) | 9 (4.8) | 0.003 |
| Pulse pressure ≤ 20 mmHg b | 7 (1.6) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (2.7) | 0.14 |
| Altered mental status; Glasgow Coma Score < 15 | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.21 |
| Warning signs at inclusion and within 7 days of follow-up | 129 (30) | 67 (28) | 62 (33) | 0.26 |
| Abdominal pain | 66 (15.4) | 40 (17) | 26 (14) | 0.42 |
| Persistent vomiting | 40 (9.4) | 23 (9.6) | 17 (9.0) | 0.85 |
| Clinical fluid accumulation | 4 (0.9) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.1) | 0.81 |
| Mucosal bleed | 42 (9.7) | 14 (5.8) | 24 (13) | 0.01 |
| Laboratory parameters at inclusion c | ||||
| Hemoglobin, mg/l | 14 (13–15) | 14 (13–15) | 14 (12–15) | 0.48 |
| Hematocrit, % | 42 (39–46) | 42 (38–46) | 43 (40–46) | 0.005 |
| Hematocrit > 45% | 120 (28) | 54 (23) | 66 (35) | 0.004 |
| Leukocytes, ×109/L | 4.5 (3.1–6.0) | 4.6 (3.1–6.2) | 4.2 (3.0–5.6) | 0.16 |
| Leukocytes < 3.5x109G/L | 143 (33) | 76 (32) | 67 (36) | 0.39 |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 150 (115–189) | 147 (106–195) | 11 (122–178) | 0.82 |
| Platelets < 100 × 109/L | 70 (16) | 48 (20) | 22 (12) | 0.02 |
| Clinical outcome at day 7 | ||||
| Severe dengue d | 20 (4.7) | 6 (2.5) | 14 (7.5) | 0.02 |
| Death | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.21 |
| Admission | 39 (9.1) | 21 (8.8) | 18 (9.6) | 0.77 |
| Intravenous fluid | 55 (13) | 18 (7.5) | 37 (20) | < 0.001 |
aHIV screening was systematically performed in the public clinics only; b Missing blood pressure measurement in 129 patients (in 36 black and in 93 non-black patients); blood pressure was assumed to be within the normal range if missing; c Blood count values missing in 18 patients; d patients who died are included among patients with severe dengue
Abbreviations: NA Not applicable