Table 1.

Selected major contributions of farm animals to immunology.

Species	Contribution
Cows	•Cowpox from udders to vaccinate humans •First recombinant subunit vaccine-FMDV VP1 •DEC205 identified as marker for DCs •Bovine RSV and TB as natural models for human disease
Chickens	•Immunization of chickens with Pasteurella to coin the term “vaccine” •Identification of cells from the Bursa of Fabricius (B cells) as antibody producing cells •First interferon identified and characterized •Marek's disease as natural model for human T cell lymphomas
Pigs	•Swine plague vaccine used during first global vaccination campaign in history •Xenotransplantation and fundamental mechanisms of tissue allorejection •Swine influenza and Nipah virus infections as natural models for human disease
Horses	•Serum from immune horses used to define the role of antibodies in protection against diphtheria
Sheep	•Identification that B cells are activated in lymph nodes •Somatic cell nuclear transfer-Dolly the sheep