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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 13.
Published in final edited form as: Comp Educ Rev. 2017 Mar 17;61(2):354–390. doi: 10.1086/691117

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Conceptual framework

Notes: Not all relationships are shown in this simplified conceptual framework. For example, unequal gender norms and violence are likely to also have negative effects on sexual and reproductive health outcomes for young people, which may, in turn, further reinforce inequalities. This conceptual framework was created by the authors, drawing on: Heise 1998; Parkes 2015; Leach, Dunne & Salvi 2014; Devries et al. 2014; RTI International 2013; Mullis et al. 2012a; Fleming & Jacobsen 2009; Townsend et al. 2008; and Leach & Mitchell 2006.