Table 1.
Gender differences by round 5 in demographic characteristics and schooling experiences, Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study, 2007–2011, among those attending school at baseline.
| Female (n = 869) | Male (n = 884) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline (%) | |||
| 14 | 27 | 24 | ** |
| 15 | 42 | 36 | |
| 16 | 25 | 32 | |
| 17 | 6 | 8 | |
| Ethnic group (%) | |||
| Yao | 39 | 39 | |
| Chewa | 20 | 20 | |
| Lomwe | 24 | 23 | |
| Ngoni | 10 | 9 | |
| Other | 7 | 8 | |
| Orphan status (%) | |||
| Both parents living | 69 | 70 | |
| Father deceased | 18 | 17 | |
| Mother deceased | 7 | 7 | |
| Both parents deceased | 6 | 6 | |
| Time since menarche (females) at baseline (%) | |||
| Not yet reached menarche | 8 | -- | |
| Less than one year | 32 | -- | |
| One to two years | 32 | -- | |
| Three or more years | 28 | -- | |
| Signs of puberty (males) at baseline (%) | |||
| Not yet reached puberty/no signs | -- | 12 | |
| Less than one year | -- | 39 | |
| One to two years | -- | 24 | |
| Three or more years | -- | 25 | |
| Working in 12 months before Round 5 (%) | 16 | 42 | *** |
| Mother completed primary | 16 | 13 | † |
| Father completed primary | 34 | 30 | * |
| Household assets (%) | |||
| Lowest tertile | 33 | 34 | |
| Middle tertile | 32 | 35 | |
| Upper tertile | 35 | 32 | |
| Late entry to school (age 8 or older) | 24 | 33 | *** |
| Ever repeated in standards 1–3 | 74 | 76 | |
| Still attending school at Round 5 | 28 | 55 | *** |
†
p < 0.10;
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001
Notes: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were done for categorical variables; tests of proportions were done for dichotomous variables to assess differences by student sex.