Table 3.
Summary of findings on associations between school and domestic violence and education outcomes, by sex.
| Physical Violence | Sexual Harassment | Sexual Violence | Domestic Violence (last month) | Domestic Violence (ever) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significant associations for females | |||||
|
| |||||
| Absenteeism (ever missed a day of school) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Absenteeism (attend regularly) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Absenteeism (attended yesterday) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Absenteeism (# days attended last week) | ✓ | X | -- | -- | -- |
| Chichewa reading comprehension | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Numeracy | ✓ | -- | X | -- | -- |
| School dropout | -- | -- | -- | -- | X |
|
| |||||
| Significant associations for males | |||||
|
| |||||
| Absenteeism (ever missed a day of school) | -- | -- | X | -- | X |
| Absenteeism (attend regularly) | -- | -- | -- | -- | X |
| Absenteeism (attended yesterday) | -- | -- | -- | X | X |
| Absenteeism (# days attended last week) | -- | -- | -- | -- | X |
| Chichewa reading comprehension | -- | -- | X | -- | -- |
| Numeracy | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| School dropout | -- | -- | X | -- | -- |
Notes: Results in this table indicate whether there is evidence that each type of violence has a beneficial (check mark), detrimental (X), or neutral (--) association with each schooling outcome. The actual direction of the associations (in regression models) may have been positive or negative, depending on how the outcomes were specified.