Table 2.

Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation (8.33 mg/kg on a DM basis) on serum metabolites following 20-d ZH supplementation, 3-d withdrawal period, and a corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge administered on d 24

Item	CON1	ZIL1	SEM	Treatment	Time	Treatment × time
Blood metabolite2
Total protein, g/dL	7.60	7.51	0.11	0.58	<0.001	0.001
Albumin, g/dL	3.64	3.45	0.05	0.02	<0.001	0.60
Globulin, g/dL	3.95	4.04	0.14	0.61	<0.001	0.001
Calcium,3 mmol/L	9.75	9.49	0.07	0.01	<0.001	0.34
Phosphorus, mg/dL	5.67	5.80	0.19	0.60	<0.001	0.02
Potassium, mmol/L	3.90	3.82	0.02	0.02	<0.001	0.13
Sodium, mmol/L	138.30	138.3	0.24	0.95	<0.001	0.53
Na-K ratio4	35.64	36.42	0.25	0.03	<0.001	0.06
Chloride, mmol/L	98.84	97.44	0.19	0.19	0.37	0.26
Bicarbonate, mmol/L	25.73	26.92	0.43	0.06	<0.001	0.88
Anion gap5	18.71	17.78	0.30	0.03	<0.001	0.66
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.13	1.40	0.06	0.003	0.02	0.06
CK,6 U/L	131.80	227.1	49.0	0.17	0.55	0.40
BHB,7 ng/µL	89.13	83.73	2.35	0.11	<0.001	0.83
Lactate, ng/µL	22.94	20.52	1.02	0.09	<0.001	0.73
LDH,8 mU/mL	919.93	973.81	45.36	0.39	<0.001	0.41
Liver enzymes
ALP,9 U/L	111.6	88.5	8.02	0.05	<0.001	0.88
AST,10 U/L	156.8	131.1	15.1	0.22	<0.001	1.0
GGT,11 U/L	48.66	39.00	6.41	0.28	<0.001	0.08
SDH,12 U/L	64.34	45.04	6.86	0.05	<0.001	0.64

¹Treatment groups: CON = control (no ZH); ZIL = zilpaterol.

²β ≥ 0.83 for serum metabolites.

³Total serum calcium.

⁴Serum sodium-potassium ratio.

⁵Calculated serum anion gap.

⁶Serum creatine kinase.

⁷Serum β-hydroxybutyrate.

⁸Serum lactate dehydrogenase.

⁹Serum alkaline phosphatase.

¹⁰Serum aspartate transaminase.

¹¹Serum γ-glutamyltransferase.

¹²Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase.