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. 2017 Nov;95(11):4738–4751. doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1611

Table 5.

Least squares means effect of production environment and sex on thermoregulation traits

Environment
Temperate Tropical
Trait1 Female Castrated male Female Castrated male No. RSD2 Significant effects3
Skin temperature, °C
    ST19 35.2a 35.0b 36.1c 36.1c 1,294 0.7 E**
    ST23 34.5a 34.5a 35.7b 35.7b 1,297 0.7 E** and G**
Rectal temperature, °C
    RT19 39.4a 39.5a 39.6b 39.7c 1,294 0.3 E**, G**, and sex**
    RT21 39.3a 39.4b 39.4b 39.6c 1,297 0.4 E**, G*, and sex**
    RT23 39.2a 39.3b 39.4b 39.5c 1,291 0.3 E**, G**, and sex**
Gradient RT–ST, °C 4.3a 4.5b 3.5c 3.6c 1,294 0.7 E**, G**, and sex**
    RT19–ST19, °C 4.3a 4.5b 3.5c 3.6c 1,294 0.7 E**, G**, and sex**
    RT23–ST23, °C 4.7a 4.9b 3.7c 3.8d 1,290 0.7 E**, G**, and sex**

a–dLeast squares means within a row with different superscripts significantly differ (P < 0.05).

1

ST19 = skin temperature at 19 wk of age; ST23 = skin temperature at 23 wk of age; RT19 = rectal temperature at 19 wk of age; RT21 = rectal temperature at 21 wk of age; RT23 = rectal temperature at 23 wk of age; RT = rectal temperature; ST = skin temperature.

2

RSD = residual SD.

3

E = environment; G = sire family. Batch within environment was significant for all traits and is not reported in the table.

*

P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.