Skip to main content
. 2017 Nov;95(11):5040–5053. doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1905

Table 1.

Composition of experimental diets, as-fed basis1

Betaine inclusion, %
Item 0 0.10 0.15 0.20
Ingredient, %
    Corn, yellow dent 56.38 56.33 56.30 56.27
    Corn dried distiller's grains with solubles 20.05 20.03 20.02 20.01
    Soybean meal, 47.5% CP 17.81 17.79 17.78 17.77
    Poultry fat 2.51 2.50 2.50 2.50
    Limestone 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46
    Monocalcium phosphate, 21% P 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53
    Salt 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
    L-Lysine HCl 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42
    L-Threonine 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
    DL-Methionine 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
    Trace mineral premix2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
    Vitamin premix3 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
    Phytase4 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
    Betaine5 0.00 0.10 0.15 0.20
Calculated composition
    ME Mcal/kg 3.41 3.41 3.41 3.41
    SID6 Lys:ME, g/Mcal 2.96 2.96 2.96 2.96
Analyzed composition, as-fed basis
    CP,7 % 19.17 19.55 19.72 19.53
    Lys,7 % 1.105 1.134 1.114 1.115
    Gly,7 % 0.756 0.777 0.762 0.745
    Met,7 % 0.353 0.352 0.347 0.345
    Betaine,8 % 0.13 0.29 0.36 0.36
    Crude fat,9 % 6.22 6.06 6.06 6.17
    Crude fiber,9 % 8.79 7.97 8.07 8.16
    Ca,9 % 0.64 0.73 0.70 0.68
    P,9 % 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.53
1

Diets were formulated to meet or exceed all nutrient concentrations suggested by the NRC (2012).

2

Supplied, per kilogram of complete diet, 16.5 mg Cu as CuSO4, 0.30 mg I as ethylenediamine dihydriodide, 165 mg Fe as FeSO4, 40 mg Mn as MnSO4, 0.30 mg Se as Na2SeO3, and 165 mg Zn as ZnO.

3

Supplied, per kilogram of complete diet, 8,227 IU vitamin A, 1,172 IU vitamin D3 as D-activated animal sterol, 47.0 IU vitamin E, 0.03 mg vitamin B12, 5.8 mg riboflavin, 35.2 mg niacin, 23.5 mg d-pantothenic acid as calcium pantothenate, 3.8 mg vitamin K as menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfate, 1.7 mg folic acid, and 0.23 mg d-biotin.

4

Anhydrous betaine (Betafin; Danisco A/S, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK).

5

Phytase (Optiphos; Huvepharma, Sofia, Bularia; 2,000 units/g phytase activity).

6

SID = standardized ileal digestible.

7

Analyzed by Ajinomoto Heartland, Inc., Chicago, IL.

8

Analyzed by Eurofins Scientific Inc., Des Moines, IA.

9

Analyzed by the Agricultural Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.