Table 1.

Chikungunya vaccine strategies in human clinical trial testing

Type of vaccine	Manufacturer	Phase of clinical trial	Trial registration no	Recruitment status	Reference
Live-attenuated vaccine
TSI-GSD-218	USAMRIID/Salk Institute for Biological Studies	Phase I	NA	Completed with results	33
		Phase II	NA	Completed with results	34
Δ5nsP3 VLA1553	Valneva Austria GmbH	Phase I	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03382964	Recruiting	43
Inactivated vaccine
Formalin-inactivated vaccine	United States USAMRIID and WRAIR, USA	Phase I	NA	Completed with results	45
Inactivated chikungunya vaccine BBV87	Bharat Biotech International, Ltd, India	Phase I	Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI/2017/02/007755)	Active, recruiting	47
VLP vaccine
VRC311: VRC-CHKVLP059-00-VP	NIAID	Phase I	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01489358	Completed with results	50
VRC704: VRC-CHKVLP059-00-VP	NIAID	Phase IIa	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02562482	Active, not recruiting	51
PXVX0317 CHIKV-VLP	Pax Vax	Phase IIb	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03483961	Active, not recruiting	52
Live, measles-virus-vectored vaccine
MV-CHIKV	Themis Bioscience GmbH/Institut Pasteur in Paris, in collaboration with University of Vienna, Austria	Phase I	EudraCT 2013-001084-23	Completed with results	55
MV-CHIK-202	Themis Bioscience GmbH, in collaboration with University of Vienna, Austria	Phase II	Edura CT 2015-004037-26	Completed	56
			ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02861586	Results awaited
MV-CHIK-204	Themis Bioscience GmbH in collaboration with WRAIR, USA	Phase II	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03101111	Active, not recruiting	57
MV-CHIKV	Themis Bioscience GmbH in collaboration with NIAID	Phase I/II	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03028441	Active, not recruiting	58
MV-CHIKV	Themis Bioscience in collaboration with Celerion Belfast	Phase II	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03635086	Active, not recruiting	59
Chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine	University of Oxford UK Research and Innovation	Phase I	UK Research and Innovation 972212	Active	62
mRNA-based vaccine
mRNA VAL-181388	Moderna Therapeutics, USA and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency	Phase I	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03325075	Recruiting	63
Passive immunization
Anti-CHIKV hyperimmune immunoglobulins	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de, Pointe-à Pitre, Caribbean	Phase I/II	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02230163	Unknown	70

Abbreviations: MV, measles virus; NA, not applicable; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; USAMRIID, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; TSI-GSD, The Salk Institute-Government Services Division; VLP, virus-like particle; WRAIR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.