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The following reagents and conditions were used: (a) ethyl 2-bromopropionate, NaHCO3; (b) 0.5 M NaOH, 1,4-dioxane; (c) 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride, Et3N; (d) (i) NaHCO3 and (ii) dimethyl maleate; (e) 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid, TBTU, Et3N, DMF.
