Table 3. Descriptive statistics and associations between men’s baseline characteristics and schistosome-specific antibody status.
| HIV+ (N = 599) | HIV- (N = 447) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schistosome-specific antibody status | Schistosome-specific antibody status | |||||
| Positive | Negative | p-value | Positive | Negative | p-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (mean, SD) | 34.3 (7.6) | 34.2 (7.9) | 0.955 | 35.1 (9.2) | 33.5 (8.7) | 0.073 |
| Years cohabiting (mean, SD) | 7.6 (6.6) | 7.2 (6.1) | 0.458 | 5.7 (7.0) | 5.3 (4.9) | 0.637 |
| Monthly household income (mean USD, SD) | 61.0 (79.2) | 72.1 (82.8) | 0.109 | 60.7 (78.5) | 69.5 (117.6) | 0.352 |
| Reads Nyanja | 0.029 | 0.432 | ||||
| Yes, easily (N, %) | 181 (49) | 81 (40) | 124 (42) | 58 (46) | ||
| With difficulty/not at all (N, %) | 187 (51) | 123 (60) | 172 (58) | 68 (54) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| HIV stage | 0.912 | |||||
| Stage I (N, %) | 82 (22) | 50 (23) | ||||
| Stage II (N, %) | 145 (38) | 77 (35) | ||||
| Stage III-IV (N, %) | 154 (40) | 91 (42) | ||||
| Viral load (mean log10 copies/ml, SD)* | 5.0 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.9) | 0.025 | |||
| Circumcised | 0.004 | 0.373 | ||||
| Yes (N, %) | 42 (11) | 9 (4) | 48 (16) | 17 (12) | ||
| No (N, %) | 339 (89) | 209 (96) | 261 (84) | 121 (88) | ||
| Past year history of any STI | 0.311 | 0.442 | ||||
| Yes (N, %) | 178 (47) | 111 (51) | 107 (35) | 53 (38) | ||
| No (N, %) | 202 (53) | 106 (49) | 202 (65) | 85 (62) | ||
| Genital conditions (non-ulcerative) | 0.358 | 0.062 | ||||
| STI (N, %) | 17 (4) | 5 (2) | 12 (4) | 2 (1) | ||
| Non-STI (N, %) | 7 (2) | 3 (1) | 23 (7) | 4 (3) | ||
| No (N, %) | 357 (94) | 210 (96) | 274 (89) | 132 (96) | ||
| Genital ulcer | 0.532 | 0.067 | ||||
| Yes (N, %) | 67 (18) | 34 (16) | 35 (11) | 8 (6) | ||
| No (N, %) | 314 (82) | 184 (84) | 274 (89) | 130 (94) | ||
| Baseline schistosome-specific antibody status of female partner | 0.004 | 0.002 | ||||
| Positive (N, %) | 197 (60) | 63 (45) | 188 (66) | 60 (49) | ||
| Negative (N, %) | 132 (40) | 76 (55) | 97 (34) | 62 (51) | ||
SD: standard deviation; STI: sexually transmitted infection; USD: United States Dollar
Genital conditions (non-ulcerative) of STI origin includes: clinical or laboratory diagnosis or treatment of gonorrhea or chlamydia (including presumptive treatment given detection of urethral discharge). Genital conditions (non-ulcerative) of non-STI origin includes: reported discharge, dysuria, dyspareunia; and/or observed discharge or inflammation of external genitalia (with no indication of an inflammatory STI). Genital ulcer includes: observed or reported ulcers and/or baseline positive rapid plasma regain status greater than a titer of 1:2. Genital conditions (non-ulcerative) categories are based on Wall et al [38].
*Not collected before 1999 (samples available for N = 417 HIV+ men).