Table 1. Baseline data and effects of the intervention.
| Variable | Group | Before | After | P within groups | P for change between groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) |
Fruit | 66.45 ± 8.70 | 67.15 ± 9.04 | 0.13 | 0.95 |
| Nut | 73.61 ± 9.01 | 74.28 ± 9.02 | 0.049 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) |
Fruit | 22.15 ± 1.61 | 22.30 ± 1.7 | 0.24 | 0.83 |
| Nut | 22.54 ± 2.26 | 22.73 ± 2.28 | 0.045 | ||
| SAD (cm) |
Fruit | 15.8 ± 1.2 | 15.8 ± 1.0 | 0.75 | 0.91 |
| Nut | 16.3 ± 1.0 | 16.5 ± 0.78 | 0.49 | ||
| Metabolic rate (kcal/24h) | Fruit | 1787 ± 278 | 1845 ± 240 | 0.26 | 0.52 |
| Nut | 1931 ± 221 | 2031 ± 294 | 0.028 | ||
| Accelerometry (kcal/24h) | Fruit | 942 ± 409 | 783 ± 237 | 0.071 | 0.046 |
| Nut | 863 ± 228 | 926 ± 329 | 0.37 | ||
| Steps/day |
Fruit | 12672 ± 2640 | 11894 ± 2696 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
| Nut | 10608 ± 2715 | 11107 ± 2545 | 0.34 | ||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | Fruit | 2635 ± 933 | 2663 ± 773 | 0.9 | 0.37 |
| Nut | 2519 ± 721 | 2763 ± 595 | 0.035 | ||
| Fructose intake (gram/day) | Fruit | 9.1 ± 6.0 | 25.6 ± 9.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Nut | 12.4 ± 5.7 | 6.5 ± 5.3 | 0.007 | ||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | Fruit | 110.9 ± 7.7 | 104.2 ± 7.1 | 0.001 | 0.060 |
| Nut | 113.5 ± 7.2 | 111.7 ± 6.9 | 0.35 | ||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
Fruit | 67.6 ± 6.7 | 64.3 ± 8.0 | 0.11 | 0.48 |
| Nut | 66.7 ± 7.0 | 64.9 ± 6.4 | 0.091 | ||
| Hepatic fat content (%) | Fruit | 2.11 ± 0.75 | 2.21 ± 0.63 | 0.44 | 0.72 |
| Nut | 2.09 ± 0.68 | 2.09 ± 0.59 | 0.99 | ||
| Abdominal subc. fat (l) | Fruit | 3.47 1.3 | 3.46 1.3 | 0.92 | 0.27 |
| Nut | 3.44 1.5 | 3.55 1.4 | 0.17 | ||
| Visceral fat volume (l) | Fruit | 1.05 0.38 | 1.00 0.41 | 0.17 | 0.16 |
| Nut | 1.16 0.42 | 1.19 0.45 | 0.50 | ||
| Thigh muscle volume (l) | Fruit | 10.1 2.2 | 10.2 2.16 | 0.46 | 0.87 |
| Nut | 11.4 2.3 | 11.5 2.2 | 0.32 | ||
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) |
Fruit | 0.80 ± 0.39 | 0.84 ± 0.38 | 0.57 | 0.20 |
| Nut | 0.88 ± 0.36 | 0.80 ± 0.33 | 0.20 | ||
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) |
Fruit | 4.44 ± 0.88 | 4.38 ± 0.91 | 0.49 | 0.46 |
| Nut | 4.09 ± 0.52 | 3.95 ± 0.45 | 0.09 | ||
| HDL chol. (mmol/l) | Fruit | 1.57 ± 0.36 | 1.55 ± 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.75 |
| Nut | 1.40 ± 0.26 | 1.39 ± 0.22 | 0.83 | ||
| LDL chol. (mmol/l) | Fruit | 2.54 ± 0.75 | 2.43 ± 0.69 | 0.13 | 0.85 |
| Nut | 2.33 ± 0.55 | 2.20 ± 0.42 | 0.11 | ||
| ApoA-1 (mg/l) |
Fruit | 1.4 ± 0.23 | 1.43 ± 0.27 | 0.071 | 0.54 |
| Nut | 1.33 ± 0.19 | 1.35 ± 0.19 | 0.57 | ||
| ApoB (mg/l) |
Fruit | 0.84 ± 0.17 | 0.83 ± 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.93 |
| Nut | 0.77 ± 0.13 | 0.75 ± 0.10 | 0.44 | ||
| LDL/HDL-ratio |
Fruit | 1.62 ± 0.61 | 1.62 ± 0.46 | 0.99 | 0.40 |
| Nut | 1.72 ± 0.50 | 1.62 ± 0.37 | 0.21 | ||
| ApoB/ApoA-1 -ratio |
Fruit | 0.61 ± 0.13 | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.041 | 0.77 |
| Nut | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.57 ± 0.01 | 0.33 | ||
| Sf-Insulin (mIE/l) |
Fruit | 7.73 ± 3.1 | 8.81 ± 2.9 | 0.018 | 0.79 |
| Nut | 7.29 ± 2.9 | 8.62 ± 3.0 | 0.14 | ||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) |
Fruit | 32.5 ± 2.4 | 31.8 ± 2.2 | 0.028 | 0.51 |
| Nut | 31.9 ± 3.3 | 31.6 ± 3.7 | 0.68 | ||
| Sf-glucose (mmol/l) |
Fruit | 5.09 ± 0.36 | 5.16 ± 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.45 |
| Nut | 5.26 ± 0.46 | 5.22 ± 0.29 | 0.73 |