Table 2. The clinical information of 21 snakebite cases enrolled in this study.
| Initial identification a |
Case No. | Sex | Sampling time after bite (h) | Bitten area | Local swelling | Surgery | Clinical severity b | Antivenom dosage | ELISA | Lateral flow strip | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venom Conc. (ng/ml) | FH | FN | |||||||||
| T. stejnegeri | 1 | M | 1 | Foot | Foot | - | Mild | 1 FHAV | 3.2 (TS) | - | - |
| 2 | M | 1.5 | Hand | Forearm | - | Moderate | 1 FHAV | 2.2 (TS) | - | - | |
| 3 | F | 0.5 | Finger | Finger | - | Mild | 2 FHAV | 10.6 (TS) | - | - | |
| 4 | M | 1 | Finger | Forearm | - | Moderate | 5 FHAV | 19.7 (TS) | + | - | |
| P. mucrosquamatus | 5 | F | 6 | Wrist | Elbow | - | Moderate | 1 FHAV | 3.9 (PM) | - | - |
| 6 | M | 1 | Toe | Calf | - | Moderate | 2 FHAV | 141 (PM) | + | - | |
| 7 | F | 0.5 | Ankle | Ankle | - | Mild | 2 FHAV | 9.1 (PM) | - | - | |
| 8 | F | 1.5 | Finger | Hand | - | Mild | 1 FNAV | 14.3 (NA) | - | + | |
| 9* | M | 1 | Ankle | Ankle | - | Mild | 1 FHAV | 2.6 (PM) | - | - | |
| 10 | F | 0.5 | Foot | Ankle | - | Mild | 1 FHAV | 6 (PM) | - | - | |
| B. multicinctus | 11 | M | 14 | Finger | - | - | Mild | 1 FNAV | ND c | - | - |
| N. atra | 12 | M | 3.5 | Foot | Ankle | - | Mild | - | 21.2 (NA) | - | + |
| 13* | M | 1 | Foot | Foot | - | Mild | 2 FNAV | 93.6 (NA) | - | + | |
| 14 | M | 1 | Finger | Wrist | - | Moderate | 5FNAV | 147.3 (NA) | - | + | |
| 15 | M | 10.5 | Toe | Toe | - | Mild | - | ND | - | - | |
| 16 | M | 1.5 | Toe | Ankle | Debridement | Severe | 4 FNAV | 297.8 (NA) | - | + | |
| 17 | M | 1.5 | Finger | Finger | - | Mild | 4 FNAV | ND | - | - | |
| Unidentified | 18 | M | 12.5 | Finger | Shoulder | Debridement/Fasciotomy | Severe | 4 FHAV | 210.6 (TS)/77.6 (PM) | + | - |
| 19 | M | Unknown | Forearm | Upper arm | Debridement/Fasciotomy | Severe | 4 FHAV | 90.3 (TS)/59.4 (PM) | + | - | |
| 20 | M | 2.5 | Ankle | Ankle | - | Mild | 1 FHAV | ND | - | - | |
| 21 | M | 34 | Thumb | Forearm | - | Mild | 2 FHAV | ND | - | - | |
a Initial identification: it is shown the envenoming snake species which was initially identified by patients’ description or recognition of snake photograph.
b Clinical severity: the definition of each level of severity is shown in Supplemental Table 1.
c Non-detected: The level of venom concentration is lower than the LOD of ELISA, or even no venom is existed in the clinical sample.
*: The envenoming species was confirmed from the culprit snake brought to the ER.