Table 6.
Risk factors for hypertension, heart disease, and vascular diseases among endometrial cancer survivors
| Potential risk factors | Hypertension |
Heart disease |
Diseases of the arteries |
Diseases of the veins/lymphatics |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–5 y | >5–10 y | 1–5 y | >5–10 y | 1–5 y | >5–10 y | 1–5 y | >5–10 y | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Treatment type* | ||||||||
| Surgery only | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Surgery + radiation | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.26) | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.24) | 1.05 (0.9 to 1.23) | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.26) | 1.24 (1.00 to 1.53) | 0.99 (0.77 to 1.28) | 1.24 (1.03 to 1.49) | 1.09 (0.86 to 1.39) |
| Surgery + chemotherapy | 1.28 (0.91 to 1.81) | 1.13 (0.6 to 2.13) | 2.34 (1.66 to 3.31) | 1.24 (0.61 to 2.51) | 3.42 (2.24 to 5.21) | 1.30 (0.53 to 3.20) | 2.08 (1.38 to 3.12) | 1.34 (0.6 to 3.03) |
| Surgery, radiation, + chemotherapy | 1.12 (0.85 to 1.48) | 1.12 (0.75 to 1.68) | 1.81 (1.36 to 2.41) | 1.17 (0.74 to 1.87) | 1.92 (1.31 to 2.83) | 1.14 (0.62 to 2.1) | 2.33 (1.71 to 3.16) | 1.01 (0.57 to 1.81) |
| Stage† | ||||||||
| Local | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Regional | 1.00 (0.86 to 1.17) | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.29) | 1.06 (0.89 to 1.26) | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.34) | 1.25 (0.99 to 1.58) | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.48) | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.6) | 1.15 (0.87 to 1.53) |
| Advanced | 0.93 (0.63 to 1.35) | 0.67 (0.27 to 1.62) | 1.85 (1.32 to 2.61) | 1.99 (0.97 to 4.05) | 2.80 (1.82 to 4.31) | 1.15 (0.41 to 3.18) | 3.34 (2.32 to 4.81) | 1.89 (0.83 to 4.31) |
| Grade† | ||||||||
| I | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| II | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.08) | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.10) | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.22) | 1.24 (1.01 to 1.53) | 1.24 (1.01 to 1.53) | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.27) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.36) | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.42) |
| III | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.20) | 0.77 (0.61 to 0.97) | 1.50 (1.26 to 1.78) | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.22) | 1.82 (1.43 to 2.32) | 0.93 (0.67 to 1.31) | 1.54 (1.24 to 1.92) | 0.92 (0.65 to 1.29) |
| IV | 1.02 (0.69 to 1.51) | 0.71 (0.33 to 1.50) | 2.22 (1.54 to 3.21) | 0.66 (0.27 to 1.61) | 3.31 (2.09 to 5.23) | 0.53 (0.13 to 2.14) | 1.65 (1.02 to 2.67) | 0.23 (0.03 to 1.65) |
| Year of diagnosis‡ | ||||||||
| 1997–2000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2001–2004 | 1.28 (1.08 to 1.51) | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.43) | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.21) | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.18) | 1.12 (0.86 to 1.47) | 1.09 (0.84 to 1.41) | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.27) | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.43) |
| 2005–2010 | 1.17 (1.00 to 1.36) | 0.84 (0.71 to 1.00) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.02) | 0.73 (0.60 to 0.88) | 1.10 (0.86 to 1.4) | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.16) | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.6) | 1.06 (0.82 to 1.36) |
| 2011–2012 | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.37) | 0.33 (0.05 to 2.35) | 0.73 (0.58 to 0.93) | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.5) | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.33) | |||
| Age at diagnosis, y§ | ||||||||
| <50 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 50–59 | 1.69 (1.36 to 2.09) | 1.68 (1.33 to 2.12) | 1.54 (1.21 to 1.98) | 1.45 (1.12 to 1.89) | 1.63 (1.15 to 2.30) | 1.58 (1.09 to 2.28) | 1.44 (1.11 to 1.86) | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.4) |
| 60–69 | 2.60 (2.11 to 3.21) | 2.46 (1.95 to 3.10) | 2.31 (1.82 to 2.94) | 2.13 (1.65 to 2.76) | 2.02 (1.44 to 2.84) | 2.35 (1.64 to 3.36) | 1.52 (1.17 to 1.97) | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.41) |
| 70–79 | 3.29 (2.63 to 4.12) | 2.88 (2.23 to 3.72) | 3.04 (2.36 to 3.91) | 2.78 (2.09 to 3.69) | 3.21 (2.26 to 4.57) | 2.60 (1.75 to 3.86) | 1.56 (1.17 to 2.09) | 1.09 (0.77 to 1.55) |
| 80+ | 4.17 (3.22 to 5.40) | 3.63 (2.63 to 5.02) | 5.17 (3.91 to 6.84) | 4.88 (3.49 to 6.83) | 4.66 (3.15 to 6.89) | 2.93 (1.78 to 4.83) | 1.47 (1.01 to 2.13) | 0.65 (0.36 to 1.19) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index‖ | ||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.58 (1.37 to 1.83) | 1.78 (1.50 to 2.10) | 1.74 (1.48 to 2.05) | 1.67 (1.38 to 2.02) | 1.84 (1.46 to 2.32) | 2.2 (1.70 to 2.83) | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.38) | 1.68 (1.31 to 2.14) |
| 2+ | 3.02 (2.63 to 3.47) | 3.15 (2.64 to 3.75) | 3.17 (2.72 to 3.71) | 3.27 (2.70 to 3.96) | 2.96 (2.37 to 3.68) | 3.81 (2.92 to 4.96) | 1.47 (1.19 to 1.80) | 1.90 (1.43 to 2.52) |
| Baseline BMI, kg/m2¶ | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 0.94 (0.42 to 2.11) | 1.86 (0.82 to 4.21) | 0.54 (0.2 to 1.45) | 0.85 (0.27 to 2.69) | 0.75 (0.18 to 3.04) | 2.25 (0.82 to 6.15) | 0.49 (0.12 to 1.98) | 2.41 (0.97 to 5.98) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <25–29.9 | 1.62 (1.37 to 1.91) | 1.37 (1.13 to 1.67) | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.49) | 1.20 (0.97 to 1.49) | 1.17 (0.91 to 1.52) | 1.29 (0.98 to 1.70) | 1.00 (0.80 to 1.25) | 1.27 (0.95 to 1.70) |
| >30 | 1.74 (1.49 to 2.04) | 1.64 (1.36 to 1.97) | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.42) | 1.14 (0.93 to 1.39) | 1.31 (1.03 to 1.67) | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.22) | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.46) | 1.28 (0.97 to 1.68) |
| Smoke¶ | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.15 (0.98 to 1.34) | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.38) | 1.61 (1.36 to 1.90) | 1.47 (1.19 to 1.8) | 2.14 (1.73 to 2.64) | 1.85 (1.44 to 2.39) | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.38) | 1.09 (0.83 to 1.43) |
| Family history CVD# | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) | 1.13 (0.98 to 1.29) | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.30) | 1.08 (0.93 to 1.27) | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.06) | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.19) | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.21) | 1.01 (0.83 to 1.23) |
| Baseline hypercholesterolemia** | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.88 (1.67 to 2.12) | 1.98 (1.71 to 2.29) | 1.22 (1.06 to 1.39) | 1.31 (1.11 to 1.54) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.38) | 1.31(1.11 to 1.54) | 1.24 (1.04 to 1.46) | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.60) |
*
Models adjusted for CCI, BMI, race, smoking, year of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis. BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.
†
Models adjusted for CCI, BMI, race, smoking, histology, year of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis.
‡
Models adjusted for CCI, BMI, race, smoking, endometrial cancer type.
§
Models adjusted for CCI, BMI, race, smoking, stage, histology diagnosis year.
‖
Models adjusted for age at diagnosis, diagnosis year, race, smoking.
¶
Models adjusted for CCI, age at diagnosis, race.
#
Models adjusted for CCI, BMI, race, smoking, endometrial cancer type, year of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis.
**
Models adjusted for CCI, BMI, race, smoking, age at diagnosis.