Figure 1. Increased blood pressure elicited by PVN excitation in a frequency‐dependent manner in conscious mice.

A–C, representative BP recordings from a mouse previously injected with AAV‐CamKIIα‐ChR2‐eYFP. Unilateral photo‐excitation of PVN neurons (blue areas) had no effect on BP at 2 Hz but produced robust BP elevations at 10 and 20 Hz stimulations. D, quantified data, from 7 mice, confirm increased mean, systolic and diastolic BP at 2, 10 and 20 Hz. There was no statistically significant bradycardia observed at any frequency of PVN stimulation (BPM, beats per minute). ^** P < 0.01, ^*** P < 0.001 (one‐way repeated measures ANOVA). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]