Table 1.
Interactions between AEDs and P-gp or CYP3A4/3A5 and CYP2J2 systems.
| AEDs | P-gp | References | CYP3A4 | CYP3A5/CYP2J2 | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eslicarbazepine acetate | Substrate (in vitro) | (35) | Weak inductor (in vitro e vivo) | NR | (21) |
| Felbamate | Substrate (in vivo) | (36) | Weak inductor/No effects (in vitro) | NR | (37, 26) |
| Gabapentin | Not substrate | (38) | NR | NR | (21) |
| Lamotrigine | No effects/substrate | (39) | No effects | No effects | (40) |
| Levetiracetam | Inductor/substrate (in vivo) | (41) | Weak inductor (in vitro) | No effects | (42) |
| Oxcarbazepine | NR | Inductor (in vivo e vitro) | Inductor 3A5 (in vivo e vitro) | (43) | |
| Perampanel | No effects | (44) | Weak inductor (in vitro) | Weak inductor 3A5 (in vitro) | (28) |
| Pregabalin | No effects | (45) | No effects | No effects | (46) |
| Rufinamide | NR | Mild induction (in vitro) | No effects | (47) | |
| Stiripentol | NR | Inhibitor (in vitro) | No effects | (48) | |
| Tiagabine | NR | Substrate | No effects | (49) | |
| Topiramate | No effects/substrate | (39) | Mild inductor (in vitro) | No effects | (50) |
| Lacosamide | No effects | (51) | No effects (in vitro) | No effects | (52) |
| Vigabatrin | NR | No effects | No effects | (21) | |
| Zonisamide | Weak inhibitor | (34) | No effects/substrate | No effects | (53) |
| Phenobarbital | Inductor/substrate | (54) | Inductor | No effects | (55) |
| Phenytoin | Inductor/substrate (in vivo) | (56) | Inductor/substrate (in vivo) | NR | (55) |
| Ethosuximide | NR | Substrate | NR | (26) | |
| Carbamazepine | Inductor (in vivo) | (57) | Substrate/inductor (in vitro and vivo) | NR | (58) |
| Valproate | Inductor/inhibitor (in vitro) | (59, 60) | Inductor/weak inhibitor (in vitro) | NR | (25, 61) |