Table 1.

Differences between DCM patients and controls.

Indices	Males (N = 150)			Females (N = 152)
	Controls (N = 85)	DCM patients (N = 65)	P	Controls (N = 117)	DCM patients (N = 35)	P
Demographic data
Age, years	53.4 11.9	52.8 14.1	0.775	54.7 14.1	62.8 8.7*	0.002
Deceleration and acceleration capacity
AC, ms	-7.9 2.3	-5.0 2.4	<0.001	-7.5 1.8	-4.1 1.4	<0.001
DC, ms	7.6 2.0	4.6 2.3	<0.001	7.1 1.6	3.9 1.3	<0.001
Echocardiography
LAD, mm	38.4 5.9	48.0 10.0	<0.001	37.3 5.6	47.6 7.5	<0.001
LVEDD, mm	49.1 5.5	71.2 8.9	<0.001	48.4 4.2	67.8 7.3	<0.001
LVESD, mm	31.2 6.2	59.6 10.3	<0.001	30.1 3.8	57.9 8.9	<0.001
LVEF, %	65.6 7.8	30.3 7.1	<0.001	67.2 6.1	30.5 8.0	<0.001

Data are presented as means ± standard deviations (SDs). Differences between groups were compared using Student’s t-test. DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; AC, heart rate acceleration capacity; DC, heart rate deceleration capacity; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. ^∗, female DCM patients were significantly older than male DCM patients (P < 0.001).