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. 2018 Dec 13;8:17807. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35886-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of fresh-blood-free meals on mortality and survival. After egg laying, mosquitoes were followed through their life cycle until the last pupae emerged and data was analysed against the percentage of females with eggs. Progeny mortality for (a) Larvae, (b) Pupae and (c) Adults. Offspring’s progeny survival represented as (d) Number of females produced in the different diet groups and (e) Number of males produced in the different diet groups. Three independent experiments were performed, each consisting of 30 mosquitoes per diet (n = 90/diet). Vertical bars represent Standard Error of the mean (SE). No significant differences were observed between the blood-fed group and non-blood fed groups using an unpaired t test.